2008年初特大冰雪灾害对粤北地区杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林土壤理化性质的影响  

Physical and chemical property of soil of cunninghamia lanceolata plantations by the unusual heavy snow/ice disaster occurred in early 2008

作　　者：丁晓纲[1,2] 何茜[3] 张方秋[2] 李吉跃[3] 樊顺江[3] 陈晓阳[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京10083 [2]广东省林业科学研究院,广东广州510520 [3]华南农业大学林学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第1期44-50,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

摘　　要：2008年8月,选择具有代表性的样地（受冰雪灾害较轻、受到冰雪灾害影响、受到冰雪灾害后皆伐清理样地）,用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对广东省天井山林场杉木人工林土壤理化性质进行分析。结果表明：（1）粤北地区杉木人工林在受到冰雪灾害后,0-60 cm的土壤容重比未受到损害的上升8.1%-16.4%,孔隙度下降8.9%-11.9%,自然含水量减少17.1%-28.6%,皆伐清理后,土壤容重比未受到损害的下降1.5%~9.5%;孔隙度上升1.2%~5.9%,自然含水量增加44.2%~68.1%。（2）受损后,土壤pH值未发生变化,浅层（0-40 cm）有机质质量分数比未损样地下降（1.3%-9.4%）,深层（〉40 cm）有机质质量分数提高30.5%;各层土壤全氮、全磷、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾质量分数分别下降13.4%、30.3%、16.7%、37.6%和37.2%,全钾质量分数上升21.0%,且与未损样地的差异显著;土壤交换性钙和交换性镁大幅减少,分别为28.1%和43.4%。进行皆伐清理后,有机质质量分数比未损样地提高207.9%,土壤全氮、全钾、有效氮和有效磷质量分数升高138.7%、10.2%、161.3%和540.0%,全磷、有效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁的质量分数下降2.6%、9.0%、28.7%和24.3%,各土层变化不一致。（3）冰雪灾害的发生使杉木人工林林下土壤紧实度增加,不利于土壤呼吸、空气传导和土壤养分的累积;而经过清理后,土壤变得较为疏松,通透性增强,含水量增加,有利于土壤团粒结构的增强、土壤微生物活动和土壤养分的累积及转化。因此,冰雪灾害后对受损林地进行及时的清理对植被恢复重建尤为重要。In August 2008 representative sample plots（less affected by snow disaster,damaged by the snow disaster,clear-cutting plots after the snow disaster） were selected to check physical and chemical properties of soil with field investigation and laboratory analysis from the Chinese fir plantations in the Tianjinshan state owned forest farm of Guangdong Province.The results showed that：（1） soil bulk density at 0-60 cm depth from damaged plots was 8.1 ~ 16.4% higher than that from undamaged plots,while the porosity and soil moisture content were 8.9 ~ 11.9% and 17.1 ~ 28.6% lower,respectively.The soil bulk density in the plots with the treatment of cleaning up after clear-cutting showed 1.5 ~ 9.5% less than those without damage;while porosity and the soil moisturecontent were 1.2 ~ 5.9% and 44.2 ~ 68.1% higher separately.（2） The soil pH value was not affected by the snow disaster.However,the organic matter content in the shallow（0-40 cm） soil declined 1.3 ~ 9.4% than undamaged plots,while that in the deep（ 40 cm） soil increased 30.5%.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content from different soil layers decreased 13.4%,30.3%,16.7%,37.6% and 37.2%,while the total K content increased 21.0% significantly.Soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium significantly reduced 28.1% and 43.4% separately.With the treatment of cleaning up after the clear-cutting,the organic matter content increased 207.9 percent than those without damage,and soil total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and phosphorus content increased 138.7%,10.2%,161.3% and 540.0%,respectively.However,the total phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium content decreased 2.6%,9.0%,28.7% and 24.3%,respectively,which showed inconsistent result in different soil depth.（3） The occurrence of snow disasters increased the soil compaction of Chinese fir plantations,which was not conducive to soil respiration,air conduction and accumul

关 键 词：土壤理化性质 冰雪灾害 杉木人工林 粤北地区 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]