天津市路面雨水径流重金属污染特征  

Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in road rainfall-runoff of Tianjin city

作　　者：李倩倩[1] 李铁龙[1,2] 赵倩倩[1] 刘大喜[1] 金朝晖[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]南开大学污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第1期143-148,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07314-004-003-001)

摘　　要：对天津市3条典型主要交通干线雨水径流中的Cr、Cd、Fe、Cu、Hg 5种重金属进行了取样监测,重点探讨了路面径流重金属的平均质量浓度、冲洗特征、重金属之间以及重金属与悬浮物之间的相关关系,并用聚类分析方法对降雨特征对重金属污染的影响进行了研究。结果表明,天津市路面雨水径流重金属污染严重,Fe、Cr和Cd质量浓度较高,污染贡献率大,为径流主要重金属污染物;重金属污染水平高于国内外城市研究结果,反映出天津市在道路路面环境维护和管理上与其他城市的差距。路面径流的重金属具有明显的径流初期冲洗效应,在径流的初始阶段,重金属质量浓度达到最大值,随着降雨和径流的延续,污染物质量浓度呈波浪性锯齿状下降,至降雨结束,重金属质量浓度最终趋于稳定。径流中不同种类重金属具有同源性,且与径流中的悬浮固体具有明显的相互依存关系,重金属主要以悬浮固体吸附的形式或重金属颗粒形式存在。通过聚类分析可知,重金属污染受降雨强度和前期晴天积累影响显著,其次是降雨量和降雨历时。Heavy metals on three typical roads in Tianjin city,including Cr,Cd,Fe,Cu and Hg,were monitored during rainfall runoff events occurred.Mean concentration of heavy metals,the correlation among heavy metals,and the relationship of heavy metals and SS were analyzed.The effect on heavy metal pollution caused by rainfall was also studied using cluster analysis method.It was concluded that the heavy metal pollution was serious in road runoff of Tianjin city.And the main contaminants were Fe,Cr,Cd with the higher concentration compared with other cities neither in China or other countries,which reflected there was a wide gap between Tianjin and other cities on the environment maintenance and management of the roads.The flush effect in the beginning was obvious for the heavy metals during being washed-off.In the initial phase of the runoff,the concentration of metal went up to the highest value and then a wavy-like decline was observed until the concentration came to stable level.In addition,high correlations existed among the heavy metals and suspended solids,and most of heavy metals comes from a same pollution source.The results from cluster analysis also indicated that heavy metal pollution was mainly influenced by rainfall intensity and dry weather deposits,and rainfall and rainfall duration comes in a second place.

关 键 词：城市路面 雨水径流 重金属污染 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]