风化过程中矿物表面微生物附着现象及意义  

Attachment of Microbes on Mineral Surface in Microbial Weathering and Its Significance

作　　者：陆现彩[1] 屠博文[2] 朱婷婷[1] 李娟[1] 王朝华[1] 周跃飞[1,3] 赵兴青[1] 陆建军[1] 王汝成[1] 

机构地区：[1]内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210093 [2]南京大学医学院,南京210093 [3]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230009

出　　处：《高校地质学报》2011年第1期21-28,共8页Geological Journal of China Universities

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB815603);国家自然科学基金(40930742;10979018)联合资助

摘　　要：微生物风化作用作为最为重要的表生过程之一,与多种元素的地球化学循环和局部环境污染的形成有着密切的联系。微生物在矿物表面的附着能够显著提高矿物的风化速率。本文在总结矿物表面微生物附着现象及特征的基础上,概述了微生物附着导致的矿物表观风化速率的上升和表面侵蚀现象,初步分析了微生物在矿物表面附着的驱动力和影响因素,强调了微生物-矿物作用界面研究的重要性,认为有必要开展分子生物学、表面矿物学和微生态学的跨学科研究,以在分子层次上揭示矿物微生物风化的微观机制,更准确地评估微生物风化的地球化学意义,有助于提高对局部环境问题的调控和修复能力。Microbial weathering is one of the most important supergene processes, closely connected with global cycle of several elements and local environmental contamination, such as heavy metal contamination in mine districts. It is widely found that the attachment of microorganism on mineral surface can remarkably enhance the weathering of minerals. In this paper, the apparent weathering rate and surface erosion are discussed based on the brief summary of the characteristics of surface attachment of microbes on minerals. The driving force of the attaching behavior and its influence factors are preliminarily analyzed, and the investigation on the microbe-mineral interface is emphasized. Transdisciplinary studies in molecular biology, surface mineralogy and micro-ecology are necessary to disclose the mechanism of microbial weathering at molecular level, which is helpful for evaluating the geochemical significance of bio-weathering and the regulation ability of local environmental issues.

关 键 词：微生物风化 表面附着 界面过程 环境 

分 类 号：Q939.99[生物学—微生物学]