上海市宝山区支气管哮喘患病率和危险因素调查  

A survey on epidemiology and risk factors of bronchial asthma in Baoshan district of Shanghai

作　　者：钱娟娟[1] 马佳韵[2] 周敏[2] 周新[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属第一人民医院呼吸科,上海200080 [2]上海交通大学附属第三人民医院呼吸科,上海201900

出　　处：《内科理论与实践》2011年第2期121-124,共4页Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市宝山区哮喘患病率情况及其危险因素的分布,为开展哮喘防治工作提供依据。方法:按照分层整群不等比随机抽样对照方法对上海宝山区进行哮喘流行病学问卷调查,采取入户问卷填写方式,调查人群年龄≥4岁。结果:共调查4 956人,哮喘患者95例,总患病率为1.92%。儿童患病率为3.89%,成人患病率为1.81%。男、女患病率分别为1.5%和2.3%,男女之比为0.7∶1。相关因素分析显示,哮喘患者中精神紧张[比值比(OR)=12.474,95%可信区间(CI):8.019～19.405]、冷空气(OR=3.43,95%CI:2.41～4.90)、刺激性气体(OR=12.47,95%CI:8.015～19.40)、接触粉尘(OR=20.311,95%CI:12.52～32.97)为主要诱因;哮喘伴有过敏性鼻炎者为45.26%(OR=16.425,95%CI:10.739～25.12),有哮喘家族史者46.32%(OR=19.496,95%CI:12.724～29.872)。回归分析显示哮喘家族史和过敏性鼻炎对哮喘的发生影响最大。结论:本次流行病学调查获得了上海市宝山区哮喘患病率及相关危险因素的资料,为今后开展上海地区支气管哮喘的防治工作提供了依据。Objective To survey the prevalence and the risk factors of asthma in Baoshan district of Shanghai,so as to provide some evidences for the planning of prevention and treatment of asthma.Methods Home visit completion of epidemiological questionaire in accordance with stratified cluster disproportional random sampling survey was performed in Baoshan district of Shanghai.All the people selected were older than 4 years.Results There were 4 956 persons in the survey,95 of which had asthma.The prevalence rate of asthma was 1.92%.The prevalence rate in adults was 1.81% and that in children was 3.89%.The prevalence rates in male and female were 1.5% and 2.3%,respectively.Therefore the male to female ratio was 0.7∶1.Correlation analysis showed that nervous tension（OR = 12.474,95%CI： 8.019-19.405）,exposure to cold air（OR =12.47,95%CI： 8.015-19.40）,noxious gas stimulation（OR =15.429,95%CI： 9.969-23.88）,exposure to dust（OR =20.311,95%CI：12.52-32.97）were the main high risk factors.Asthma family history was present in 46.32% of asthma patients and 45.26% of the asthma patients had allergic rhinitis.Multivariate analysis showed that asthma family history and allergic rhinitis appeared to be the major factors related to the development of asthma.Conclusions This epidemiological survey affords the prevalence and related risk factors of asthma in Baoshan district in Shanghai,which could provide some evidences for the planning of prevention and treatment of asthma.

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 患病率 危险因素 流行病学 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]