废水生物强化处理技术研究进展  

Progress in Bioaugmention Technology Research for Biological Treatment of Wastewaters

作　　者：李久安[1,2] 周后珍[1] 刘庆华[1] 谭周亮[1] 李旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2011年第2期273-279,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KSCX2-YW-G-055);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(No.2006BAC02A09);四川省科技厅项目(No.07SG 005-001)资助~~

摘　　要：生物强化技术具有高效去除目标污染物、加速系统启动、提高系统抗水力及有机负荷能力以及优化系统菌群结构和增强功能稳定性等功能,在废水生物处理实际应用中潜力巨大.总结了国内外废水生物强化处理技术研究进展,在功能微生物选育方面,通过传统选育手段与基因工程手段并举来实现;在功能菌应用与生物强化处理工艺方面,主要通过所投加的功能菌直接作用或是利用基因水平转移(HGT)来实现生物强化;在分子检测技术方面,随着分子生物学的发展,一些技术如变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、核糖体间隔基因分析方法(RISA)及荧光原位杂交(FISH)等在与微生物生态学研究中得到了广泛应用.分析认为,应用分子生物学等先进技术手段,探讨废水生物强化处理工程应用过程中的微生物生态学机制,并以此为指导研发高性能菌剂,将是本领域的研究重点与方向之一.Bioaugmentation has a huge potential application in biological treatment of wastewaters.The recent studies show that bioaugmentation could enhance the removal efficiency of target pollutants,accelerate the start-up of system,improve the capacity of the system resistant to hydraulic and organic shock loading,and upgrade the stability of microbial community structure and function of system.This paper summarizes the studies on the bioaugmentation technology for biological treatment of different wastewaters.About the screening of special function microorganisms,both of the traditional and genetic engineering methods are simultaneously used;about the application of special function strains and the processing technology of bioaugmentation,mainly action of the dosing special strains or the horizontal gene transfer（HGT） are directly utilized to implement bioaugmentation;besides,with the development of molecular biology,the related molecular techniques such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）,ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis（RISA） and fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） are widely used in the research of microbial ecology.This paper argues the using of molecular biology and other advanced techniques to explore the microbial ecology mechanism through the process of wastewater bioaugmentation treatment engineering application and to guide development of high performance microorganism agents as an important research direction in the future.

关 键 词：废水生物处理 生物强化技术 水平基因转移 基因工程菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]