世界油砂资源的研究及开发利用  

Research,Development and Utilization of Oil Sand Resources in the World

作　　者：李术元[1] 王剑秋[1] 钱家麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《中外能源》2011年第5期10-23,共14页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：油砂是一种重要的非常规石油资源,世界油砂资源折算为油砂稠油约4000×108t,大于天然石油探明储量。世界上最大的油砂矿在加拿大西部的沉积盆地,总储量约占世界储量的50%。委内瑞拉也拥有巨大的油砂稠油资源,其次为俄罗斯和美国等,中国的油砂资源尚未经详细勘察。油砂的结构可以分为亲水性和亲油性两类,亲水性油砂较易将稠油与固体颗粒分开,而亲油性油砂则较难将稠油与固体颗粒分开。油砂开发、稠油提取以及油砂干馏主要有露天开发和稠油提取、油砂干馏、地下就地提取稠油三类工艺。工业上油砂露天开采、经热碱水抽提制取的稠油除了直接出售,也可加工改质制成合成原油或轻质油品出售,加工改质主要有延迟焦化和流化焦化两种工艺流程。目前世界上只有加拿大有大规模的油砂开发和提取稠油及稠油加工工业,阿尔伯达省油砂稠油等油品的总产量达到130×104bbl/d,占加拿大总原油产量的45%,盈利较丰厚。美国有几家公司正在进行美国油砂的抽提研究和中型试验,尚无工业生产。中国石油大学等进行了中国及其他一些国家油砂的抽提和干馏研究;中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院等进行了中国油砂抽提和干馏等研究及中试。中国三大石油公司都涉足加拿大油砂工业的开发利用。Oil sand is a kind of unconventional petroleum resource.The World′s oil sand resources total about 4000×108t of tar sand oil equivalent,more than the world′s total proven natural crude oil reserves.The world′s largest oil sand deposit is located in sedimentary basins in western Canada,with combined reserves accounting for about 50% of the world′s total.Venezuela also has a huge tar sand oil deposit,followed by Russia and the United States.China has not yet surveyed its oil sand resources in detail.Oil sand can be categorized into two groups — hydrophilic and oleophilic oil sand.In hydrophilic oil sand,it is relatively easy to separate heavy oil and solid particles,while in oleophilic oil sand,it is difficult to separate heavy oil and solid particles.There are three kinds of technologies for developing oil sand,extracting heavy oil from oil sands and retorting oil sand — opencut mining and heavy oil extraction,oil sand dry distillation and underground in-situ heavy oil extraction.The heavy oil commercially produced from oil sand using hot alkali water extraction methods can be sold directly or upgraded to produce synthetic crude oil or light oil products for sale.There are two major upgrading processes — delay coking and fluid coking.Currently in the world only Canada has commercial oil sand production,heavy oil extraction from oil sands and heavy oil processing capabilities.The total production of oil sand-derived oil products such as tar sand oil in Alberta has reached 130×104bbl/d,representing 45% of Canada′s total crude oil output,with great profit margins.In the United States,several companies are conducting research and medium-scale experiment on extracting oil from oil sand and no commercial production has started yet.China University of Petroleum and some other institutions have been engaged in the research on oil extraction and dry distillation of oil sand from China as well as some other countries.The Longfang Branch of the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of

关 键 词：油砂 稠油 储量 亲水性 亲油性 合成原油 抽提 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]