吉林珲春自然保护区东北虎及其猎物资源调查  

Amur Tiger and Prey in Jilin Hunchun National Nature Reserve,China

作　　者：陈九屹[1] 那顺得力格尔 孙全辉 张逦嘉[1] 唐继荣 郎建民 刘通 刘昆鹏 肖文宏 鲍伟东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]国际野生生物保护学会(WCS)中国项目珲春办公室,珲春133300 [3]吉林省珲春国家级自然保护区管理局,珲春133300

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2011年第2期46-52,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家十一五科技支撑计划项目(No.2008BADB0B01)

摘　　要：中国的野生东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)数量已降到了极低的状态,及时开展有关东北虎及其猎物资源野外调查,对了解东北虎生存现状和制定保护策略都具有重大意义。吉林珲春东北虎国家级自然保护区是我国现存东北虎活动最频繁的地区之一,为了解该保护区的东北虎及其猎物资源状况,2009～2010年冬季,采用样线法对保护区及周边地区的东北虎及其猎物资源进行了系统调查。结果显示,调查期间在1 182 km2的调查范围内至少有3只东北虎活动,确认性别的为2雄1雌。以新鲜足迹链遇见率表示的猎物相对密度(条/km)分别为:马鹿(Cervus elaphus)0.09、狍(Capreolus pygargus)0.43、梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)0.12、野猪(Sus scrofa)0.03;实体密度(只/km2)分别为:马鹿0.11、狍0.76、梅花鹿0.07、野猪0.01,都低于俄罗斯远东地区的猎物资源量。人为活动(林蛙养殖场、采集山野菜、季节性采伐和放牧)、栖息地破碎化、盗猎等是造成东北虎及其猎物密度较低的主要原因。尽快停止保护区周边的采伐、控制林蛙场的数量、打击盗猎、限制放牧范围是恢复东北虎栖息地和保护猎物资源的重要措施。The Amur Tiger（Panthera tigris altaica） is critically endangered and there is no confirmed viable population in China.In the winter of 2009-2010,we conducted a field survey in and surrounding the area of Hunchun Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve using line transect method.There are 3 tigers 2 male and 1 female at least found in the surveyed area of 1 182 km2 in size and they are transient individuals between China and Russian border.The relative density of ungulate prey is 0.09 for Red Deer（Cervus elaphus）,0.43 for Roe Deer（Capreolus pygargus）,0.12 for Sika Deer（Cervus nippon）,and 0.03 for wild Boar（Sus scrofa） by tracks /km,or 0.11,0.76,0.07,0.01 by individial /km2 respectively.These values are much lower than thosein Russia.Poaching ungulate and habitat fragmentation by human activities,such as small villages attached with cropland patches,frog breeding farms,seasonal logging,collection of wild plants and cattle grazing,were the main reasons for tiger number and ungulate prey declining.Logging ban around the nature reserve,controlling human activity at frog breeding farms,enforcing punishment on poaching,and limiting cattle grazing ranges as soon as possible are fundamental ways to rehabilitate tiger habitat and protect ungulate prey.

关 键 词：样线调查 东北虎 有蹄类猎物 人为干扰 保护策略 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学]