按摩放松和恢复骑行应用于男子短距离自行车运动员力量训练疲劳消除的比较研究  

Comparison of the Effects of Different Recovering Measures on the Eliminating Fatigue of Male Track-sprinted Cyclists during Strength Training

作　　者：马国强[1] 李之俊[1] 杨涛[2] 刘茂[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030 [2]上海体育职业学院

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2011年第3期224-229,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：上海市体育局科技腾飞计划项目(07TF001)

摘　　要：目的:探讨力量训练重点课期间采用不同消除疲劳方法对男子短距离自行车运动员身体机能的影响。方法:将10名男子运动员随机分为3组,采用交叉实验设计法,在连续3周的力量训练课中分别实施按摩放松、恢复骑行和完全休息3种干预方法消除运动疲劳。力量训练课的主要内容包括上午的身体素质力量训练和下午的场地专项力量耐力训练,分别在身体素质力量训练课后和场地专项力量耐力课间进行疲劳干预。按摩放松主要包括上午素质力量课后的全身按摩和下午专项力量课间的下肢重点按摩;恢复骑行包括使用功率车或公路自行车进行小负荷高频率放松骑行;完全休息则为训练结束后安静休息,不采用任何干预措施。分别于素质力量课前、课后,专项力量课后和第2天晨4个时间点采血,测试血常规、血尿素和血清肌酸激酶。结果:(1)场地专项力量耐力训练结束后,与另两组相比,按摩组WBC相对于训练前的升高幅度最小(8.5%),且LY%下降幅度也较小(33.1%);同时,按摩组第2天晨WBC降幅显著低于休息组,LY%恢复也最明显。(2)场地专项力量耐力课后,按摩组和休息组CK与训练前相比分别升高了96.52%和92.38%,恢复骑行组仅升高47.76%;第2天晨RBC与场地训练后相比,仅恢复骑行组升高了2.63%,其他两组均仅升高0.21%,且恢复骑行组Hb升高了6.33%,高于按摩组(3.54%)和休息组(5.25%)。结论:按摩放松一定程度上减小了力量训练重点课期间男子短距离自行车运动员白细胞和淋巴细胞百分比的变化;而恢复骑行可能加快了大负荷力量训练期间体内代谢产物的清除,也加快了第2天晨血红蛋白等指标的恢复。Objective This paper discusses the effects of three eliminating fatigue methods on male track-sprinted cyclists after or during the strength training.Methods Ten elite male cyclists were divided into three groups randomly and according to the crossover experiment design they received three eliminating fatigue methods（massage,active recovering riding and rest）.Three methods were carried out after the morning muscle strength training and during afternoon specific strength training in the field.Blood cell count,Hb,BUN and CK were tested before and after the muscle strength training,the specific strength training,and in the next morning.Results（1）As compared to the other two groups,WBC increased only by 8.5% and LY% decreased by 33.1% in massage group after the training,and LY less decreased in the next morning.（2）The CK after the specific strength training in massage and rest groups increased 96.52% and 92.38%,respectively,and those increase in recovering riding group was only 47.76%.RBC in the next morning increased 2.63% in recovering riding group and only 0.21% in the other two groups.The Hb in recovering riding group increased more significantly than the massage group（3.54%） and rest group（5.25%）.Conclusions Massage decreases the changes in WBC and LY% in some extent during the specific strength training of male track-sprinted cyclists.And recovering riding quickens the elimination of metabolic products during intensive strength training,and also promotes the recovery of Hb in the next morning.

关 键 词：自行车 消除疲劳 按摩 恢复骑行 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]