放牧制度对荒漠草原可萌发土壤种子库的影响  

Effects of Grazing Systems on Germinable Soil Seed Bank of Desert Steppe

作　　者：闫瑞瑞[1,2] 卫智军[2] 辛晓平[1] 刘红梅[2] 杨静[2] 乌仁其其格[3] 

机构地区：[1]农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室,呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]呼伦贝尔学院生命科学与化学学院,内蒙古海拉尔021008

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2011年第3期703-708,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：草业数字化监测、控制与决策技术中试与示范(2008GB23260400);内蒙古退化植被恢复技术和定向经济型植物产业化种植基地建设与示范项目和农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室开放项目;呼伦贝尔草原牧草产量的遥感估算与载畜能力研究(RDA0911);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA10Z241);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A12,2006BAD16B05-2);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助

摘　　要：以内蒙古苏尼特右旗短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象，通过划区轮牧与自由放牧的比较试验，研究可萌发土壤种子库对不同放牧制度的响应。结果表明：①可萌发种子库物种组成在划区轮牧草地为11种，自由放牧草地为8种，封育禁牧区为9种，划区轮牧较自由放牧和禁牧有利于提高草地群落可萌发土壤种子库的植物种数以及多年生优良牧草；可萌发土壤种子库密度在封育禁牧区为（19533．33±10552．83）粒·m^-2，划区轮牧区为（3233．33±524．21）粒·m^-2，自由放牧区为（2553．60±2152．48）粒·m^-2，可萌发土壤种子库密度封育禁牧区显著高于划区轮牧区与自由放牧区，两放牧处理间无显著差异。②不同处理可萌发土壤种子库垂直分布有共同趋势，有75．06％～83．19％分布在0～5cm土层内，14．16％～21．68％分布在5～10cm土层内，2．65％～4．90％分布在10～15cm土层内，且不同土层可萌发土壤种子库密度均为封育禁牧区显著高于划区轮牧区与自由放牧区，两放牧处理间无显著差异。③划区轮牧区可萌发土壤种子库的丰富度指数和多样性指数高于自由放牧区。划区轮牧区和封育禁牧区可萌发土壤种子库组成的相似性系数最大，为0．857。We studied the soil seed bank of Stipa breviflora desert steppe at three sites with different grazing systems, namely a continuously grazed area, a rotationally grazed area including eight rotational paddock, and an enclosed area which had been enclosed since 1999. The germinable seed bank species in the rotationally grazed area, the continuously grazed area and the enclosed area were 11, 9 and 8 species respectively. Rotational grazing increased germinable seed bank plant species of grassland community and perennial grasses. The density of soil seed bank per square meter at the enclosed area （19 533.33± 10 552.83 seeds· m-2） was significantly higher than those at the rotationally grazed area （3 233.33 ±524.21 seeds· m^-2） and at the continuously grazed area （2 553.60±2 152.48 seeds, m^-2）, but the difference between the rotationally grazed area and the continuously grazed area was not significant. The vertical distribution of germ- inable soil seed bank at different areas had a same tendency, and 75.06%-83.19% of seed was distributed in the soil horizon of 0-5 cm, 14.16%-21.68% was distributed in the soil horizon of 5-10 cm, 0- 6.10% was distributed in the soil horizon of 10-15 cm. The density of germinable soil seed bank at each soil horizon in enclosed area was significantly higher than those in rotationally and continuously grazed area, but there was not significant difference between the rotationally grazed area and the continuously grazed ar- ea. Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index of germinable soil seed bank in rotationally grazed area were higher than that in continuously grazed area. The Sorensen＇s similarity index of germinable soil seed bank between the enclosed area and the rotationally grazing area was the highest, which was 0. 857.

关 键 词：放牧制度 短花针茅 荒漠草原 可萌发土壤种子库 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]