辣椒疫病流行类型及流行因素分析  

Analysis on the Epiclemic Types and Factors of Pepper Phytophora Blight

作　　者：吕和平[1] 郭满库[1] 陈雨天[1] 温沛宏 杜蕙[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农科院植保所,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》1999年第3期40-42,共3页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

摘　　要：通过多年调查，明确了辣椒疫病田间流行类型有暴发和蔓延２ 种形式。暴发是辣椒在短期内大面积枯死的过程，除根系变褐腐烂出现青枯外，再无其它明显症状，其田间流行的条件为旬平均气温在２０ ℃左右，突遇大雨，灌水不当或旬平均降雨量在４０ ｍｍ 以上，暴发程度与温度正相关；蔓延是病原菌重复侵染所致，具有明显的发病中心，发病部位主要集中在茎秆或枝叉处，形成黑褐色条斑，其田间流行条件是辣椒封垄郁闭，旬平均气温在２２ ℃以上，大气相对湿度在８０％ 以上。系统观察表明，在不同栽培条件下，辣椒疫病的发生流行动态存在着一定差异，大棚椒早于露地椒，发病始期一般在５ 月底６ 月初，盛期在７ 月下旬；露地椒在６ 月中下旬发病，盛期出现在７ 月下旬至８ 月上旬，９Results from systematic investigation of several years showed that there were 2 epidemic types of pepper phytophthora blight in fields.One was defined as explosion,and another was spread.The first type could cause large area death of pepper plants in a short time.There were no other typical symptoms except roots becoming brown and rotting,and the plants becoming green wilt.Usually,the explosion occurred when the average temperature of ten days was about 20℃ accompaning sudden rainstorm,improper irrigation or the average rainfall of ten days was more than 40 mm.The higher the temperature was,the stronger the explosion.The spread was caused by repeated infections of the phehogenetic fungi with an obvious diseased center in fields,the symptoms were brown stripe on stems or branches.It began to epidemic when plants closing the ridges,the average temperature of ten days was more than 22℃,the RH was over 80%. There were significant difference of dynamic epidemic of pepper blight under different cultural condition.The plastic protected fields occurred pepper blight earlier than that of open fields,the primary diseased plants could be observed from late May to early June,the diseased blossom in late July in plastic protected fields. The diseased plants occurred in middle late June and the diseased blossom from late July to early August and the diseased degree began to slow down after September in the open fields.

关 键 词：辣椒疫病 暴发 蔓延 流行因素 

分 类 号：S436.413.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]