套袋微域环境对富士苹果果皮结构的影响  

Effects of the micro-environment inside fruit bags on the structure of fruit peel in 'Fuji' apple

作　　者：郝燕燕[1] 赵旗峰 刘群龙[1] 李文来[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农科院果树所,山西太谷030815

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第10期2831-2836,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省青年科技基金项目(2006021034)

摘　　要：对富士苹果果实进行双层纸袋套袋处理,通过分析袋内微域环境变化,研究套袋微域环境对果皮扫描与透射结构的影响。结果表明:套袋内微域的黑暗环境导致果皮的光合能力缺失,表皮第一层细胞内容物减少,缺少脂质体,取而代之的是游离的脂体小球,说明表皮细胞形成角质层的物质来源缺乏,导致角质层变薄。与外界比较,套袋内昼夜具较高的温度与湿度,形成所谓的"小温室"环境,而且,由于受套袋的保护,使果实免受外界环境的直接刺激,导致套袋果实的果面光洁平滑,果点小且色淡,蜡质层龟裂均匀,且裂口深度远小于未套袋果;但摘袋后果面龟裂产生的裂纹频度增大,说明环境的改变影响蜡质层龟裂。研究结果从果皮结构的变化为套袋果实外观品质的变化提供了理论依据,同时为果实摘袋后的补钙实施提供了参考依据。Fruit bagging has been used commonly in commercial orchards in recent years in China.The bag acts as a barrier to protect fruits from injury or damage of external causes.Bagging of fruits on the tree provides an effective alternative to improve the quality and safety of fruits,and probably is one of the best methods of growing organic fruits for commercial growers.Some studies had verified that the appearance of bagged apple fruits was better than that of non-bagged fruits.The microenvironments inside the bags and the effects those microenvironments had on the structure of the apple peels were studied in our experiments to explain why bagged apple fruit develop beautiful appearance.In the experiments,apple fruits（Malus domestica Borkh.cv.＇Fuji＇） were bagged with two-layer paper in mid June（about 45 days after petal fall） and remained bagged until 4 weeks before harvest.Non-bagged fruits acted as the control.The photosynthesis in the bagged fruit peels was inhibited by the dark microenvironment created by the bag.Inside bag temperature and humidity were higher like mini-greenhouse.The transpiration rate that may results in cuticle crack of apple peel was decreased by the higher relative humidity.Protected by bag,the fruits were avoided the physiology disorders by direct sunlight,avoided the attack by summer insect pests and diseases,and avoided the pollution of pesticide sprays,so the fruit surface was cleaner and glossier,and scattered with less and lighter-color lenticel pits.Observed by transmission electronic microscope,the ultrastructures of the fruit first layer cells were less dense deposits in bagged fruit compared with that in control fruit.In the cytoplasmic matrix of bagged fruit peels,lipoplast globules were dissociated,but integrated lipoplasts were scattered in that of control fruit peel.The results indicated that bagging reduced the accumulation of materials that form the cuticle in peel cells.Protected by bag,the cuticles of the fruits′ surfaces were thinned and developed uniform and

关 键 词：套袋 苹果 果皮 扫描结构 超微结构 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]