细菌化学诱变对低品位铜尾矿微生物浸出的影响  

Effects of chemical mutation on the microbial leaching of low grade copper tailings

作　　者：董颖博[1,2] 林海[1,2] 傅开彬[1] 莫晓兰[1] 汪涵[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《北京科技大学学报》2011年第5期532-538,共7页Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing

基　　金：北京市教育委员会共建项目(No.XK100080432)

摘　　要：以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌T.f_6优势菌株为原始菌,采用盐酸羟胺对其进行化学诱变,重点研究了化学诱变对菌种活性、生长繁殖以及尾矿浸出体系的影响.结果表明,羟胺诱变能使菌种产生明显变异,能很好地提高菌种活性和生物浸出能力.盐酸羟胺质量分数1.0%时所得诱变菌的氧化活性最高,32h后Fe^(2+)氧化率达到100%,而在相同条件下原始菌的Fe^(2+)氧化率达到100%则延迟32h.尾矿浸出30d,诱变菌的铜浸出率比原始菌提高了20.7%,比酸浸铜浸出率提高了85%;同时,到达浸出终点的时间比原始菌提前了5～8d.说明诱变菌浸出效果好于原始菌,远优于化学浸出.菌种诱变前后扫描电镜测试表明,诱变菌种的形态没有变化,但细胞大小有所改变,表面变得光滑且出现胞外分泌物,同时细胞间聚团现象明显.The effects of chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the activity and growth of strains and the tailing leaching system were investigated with the superior bacteria of Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans （T.f6） as an original strain. The results showed that chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride produced an evident mutation in the strain T.f6, which can improve its bioactivity and bioleaching properties. The strain T.f6 had the best oxidation after chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride with a mass fraction of 1.0%. The oxidation rate of Fe2＋ reached 100% after culturing for 32h, which was 32h in advance in comparison with the original strain. After a 30d leaching, the copper leaching rate of the mutant strain T.f6 was improved by 20.7% as compared with that of the original strain and it was 85% higher than the acid leaching rate. In addition, utilizing the mutant strain could shorten the leaching time of 5 to 8d. It is indicated that the effect of bioleaching with the mutant strain is better than that with the original strain, and much better than that of the acid leaching. Scanning electron microscope analyses of the original strain and the mutant strain showed that the shape of the mutant strain did not change but the cell size did, the surface changed smooth and extracellular secretion occurred, while the clustering of cells was obvious.

关 键 词：尾矿 铜 细菌浸出 化学诱变 盐酸羟胺 

分 类 号：TD925.5[矿业工程—选矿]