陆面过程实验和地气相互作用研究——从HEIFE到IMGRASS和GAME-Tibet/TIPEX  

LAND SURFACE PROCESS EXPERIMENTS AND INTERACTION STUDY IN CHINA—FROM HEIFE TO IMGRASS AND GAME TIBET/TIPEX

作　　者：王介民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所,甘肃省兰州市730000

出　　处：《高原气象》1999年第3期280-294,共15页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金："我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论研究"项目

摘　　要：　８０ 年代中开始的国际大型陆面过程实验和地气相互作用研究，现在正向更加深入广泛的方面发展。中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所主持了８０ 年代后期开始的中日合作“黑河地区地气相互作用观测实验研究”（ Ｈ Ｅ Ｉ Ｆ Ｅ） ，接着积极参与组织了“内蒙古半干旱草原土壤—植被—大气相互作用”（ Ｉ Ｍ Ｇ Ｒ Ａ Ｓ Ｓ） 和“全球水分能量循环亚洲季风实验—青藏高原陆面物理过程研究”（ 中日合作 Ｇ Ａ Ｍ Ｅ Ｔｉｂｅｔ 和 Ｔ Ｉ Ｐ Ｅ Ｘ） 等几个项目，取得大量珍贵资料和一系列研究成果，从而在国际陆面过程（ Ｌ Ｓ Ｐ） 研究中居于领先地位。本文介绍了近年来国际 Ｌ Ｓ Ｐ 研究以及国内由 Ｈ Ｅ Ｉ Ｆ Ｅ 到 Ｉ Ｍ Ｇ Ｒ Ａ Ｓ Ｓ 和 Ｇ Ａ Ｍ Ｅ Ｔｉｂｅｔ／ Ｔ Ｉ Ｐ Ｅ Ｘ 的进展。To improve the parameterization scheme in the grid scale of GCMs over different land surface status, China has organized Land Surface Processes experiments and the study of interaction of surface with atmosphere (LSPI) since 1987. These experiments are all international cooperation, and coordinated by WCRP and IGBP. Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics has played a pioneer role in these experimental studies. (a) The progress of HEIFE The first LSPI, the HEIFE (Heihe River Basin Field Experiment), was carried out in 1988 through 1993, scaled 70×90 km, in an arid region of Northwest China on a large Gobi/sandy desert with oasis dispersed along Heihe River and irrigation canals. A concept of “Desert Oasis System” was put forward in 1993, which declared that in addition to the prevailing wind system, because of topography and surface status, local and regional circulation can be formed in conjunction with diurnal heating cycle in Heihe basin. Sensible heat advected from surrounding desert area with an integrated value as large as half of the net radiation in clear windy afternoon, becoming one of the main energy sources to the oasis vegetation. On the other hand, water vapor transported from oasis to adjacent desert is possibly one of the water sources for the desert plants. Land surface processes over desert and oasis are correlated closely. The derivation of regional surface effective parameters to be used in modeling has been always a major task. Different schemes were used in the area representative aggregation, based on the observation data from more than 10 surface stations in such complex area scaled. It has been found that some parameters the results from different schemes might have difference of order of magnitude. To use remote sensing from space is indispensable. Many scenes of different satellite data, including NOAA AVHRR, LANDSAT TM, and ERS ATSR etc., have been analyzed in the ‘up scaling’ study. The derivation of statistics of important parameters was successful, such as

关 键 词：陆面过程 地气 相互作用 GCM 黑河实验 IMGRASS 

分 类 号：P437[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P434.5