书写人民大众的历史：社会史学的研究传统及其范式转换  

People's History:The Research Tradition and Paradigm Shift in Social History

作　　者：俞金尧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2011年第3期199-219,224,共21页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：起源于新史学的社会史学,以书写人民大众的历史为其区别于其他历史研究的身份特征。新文化史研究历史上的大众文化,因而具有社会史学的属性。战后兴起的新社会史秉承了年鉴学派的总体史追求,它倾向于从经济基础和社会结构寻找社会变迁的终极原因,以建立宏大的历史叙事。然而,新社会史经济社会决定论的弊病,引发了社会史学的"文化/语言转向",从而催生了新文化史。但是,新文化史强调文化、符号、话语的首要性,最终走向文化/语言决定论的另一个极端。对新文化史激进倾向的强烈不满,使得西方史学界20世纪90年代中期之后出现了"超越文化转向"的趋势,这种趋势体现在学者们越发重视实践的作用,社会史学正在进行一种可称为"实践的历史"的新探索。Social history originates in 'new history' and differentiates itself from other forms of historical study in that it presents the history of ordinary people.The new social history that emerged in the post-World War II period continued the Annales School's commitment to total history.It tended to find the ultimate determinants of social change in economic foundation and social structure,with a view to establishing a grand historical narrative.However,the failings of its socio-economic determinism gave rise to a 'cultural/linguistic turn' in social history and the resulting new cultural history.New cultural history,which gave primacy to culture,symbols and discourse,ended up going to the opposite extreme,of cultural/linguistic determinism.In the 1990s,Western historians,dissatisfied with its radical tendencies,went 'beyond the cultural turn.'Accordingly,scholars are attaching increasing importance to the role of practice,and social history has embarked on a new exploration of'the history of practice.'

关 键 词：年鉴学派 社会史 文化史 文化转向 史学理论 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]