植物源杀菌包膜复合肥对番茄生长、氮肥利用率及病害的影响  

Effect of plant-based fungicide coated compound fertilizer on tomato growth,nitrogen use efficiency and disease incidence

作　　者：王艳[1] 王小波[2] 卢树昌[2] 新楠[2] 刘志强[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学国际贸易学院,太原030006 [2]天津农学院农学系,天津300384 [3]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2011年第3期597-601,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20090311027);天津市科技攻关计划培育项目(06YFGPNC03100)资助

摘　　要：利用植物源杀菌材料作为包衣剂研制出杀菌包膜复合肥,在番茄小区试验中研究了其杀菌及对番茄生长的影响。结果表明:各杀菌包膜复合肥处理(分别用ZYF1～ZYF5表示)均能有效延缓养分的释放,与施普通复合肥处理(CK1)相比各杀菌包膜复合肥处理土壤硝态氮在番茄生长后期仍能保持较高含量。除ZYF4处理外,其余杀菌包膜复合肥处理番茄产量均明显高于CK1,其中ZYF3处理番茄产量最高,达11.1 kg.m-2,较CK1高16.8%。各杀菌包膜复合肥处理的氮肥利用率也均大于CK1(33.3%),其中ZYF2、ZYF3处理分别较CK1处理高9.9个和9.5个百分点。各杀菌包膜复合肥对番茄的Vc含量无显著影响,ZYF1处理显著降低了番茄的硝酸盐含量,而ZYF2、ZYF4、ZYF5处理则促进了番茄对硝酸盐的累积。各杀菌包膜复合肥处理显著降低了番茄枯萎病、灰霉病的发病率,其中ZYF1处理对这两种病菌均有较高的抑制作用,使发病率较CK1分别下降17.7个和12.5个百分点。Fungicide coated compound fertilizers were developed by using plant-based fungicidal materials.Then selected tomato species were used as experiment materials to study the effects of the fertilizers on growth,quality and nutrient use efficiency of plants.Based on the results,the coated fertilizers delayed nutrient release effectively in the ZYF1～ZYF5（5 coated fertilizers with different plant-based fungicidal materials） treatments.Soil nitrate contents were higher even towards the later period of tomato growth under coated fertilizer treatments than that under conventional compound fertilizer treatment（CK1）.Except for ZYF4,tomato yields for the coated fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that for CK1.ZYF3 had the highest yield（11.1 kg·m-2）,which was about 16.8% higher than that of CK1.Nitrogen use efficiency under the coated fertilizer treatments was higher than that of CK1（33.3%）.Nitrogen use efficiencies of ZYF2 and ZYF3 were respectively 9.9 and 9.5 percentage points higher than that of CK1.The coated fertilizers did not significantly influence tomato Vc content.While ZYF1 significantly reduced tomato nitrate content,ZYF2,ZYF4 and ZYF5 increased tomato nitrate content.Coated fertilizer treatments significantly lowered the incidence of tomato wilt and gray mold diseases.Among the treatments,ZYF1 potentially inhibited tomato wilt and gray-mold disease incidence more significantly,with disease incidence decrease of 17.7 and 12.5 percentage points compared with CK1.

关 键 词：包膜复合肥 植物源杀菌材料 养分释放 番茄 营养品质 发病率 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]