腐熟油菜秸秆、煤矸石组合的栽培基质重金属污染及蔬菜安全评价  

Assessment of vegetable safety and heavy metal contamination risk in decomposed rape straw and coal gangue soilless culture substrate

作　　者：童贯和[1] 陈锦云[1] 刘天骄[1] 罗勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院生命科学系,淮南232001

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2011年第3期661-667,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：安徽高校省级自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2009A115);国家自然科学基金项目(20877032)资助

摘　　要：以腐熟油菜秸秆、煤矸石等废弃资源为原料,配制有机生态型无土栽培混合基质,在人工光照室内以盆栽的方法栽培白菜、生菜、苋菜和菠菜,采用尼梅罗综合污染指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对5种混合基质以及此基质中生长的4种蔬菜的重金属污染和潜在生态风险进行综合评价。结果表明:5种混合基质中,煤矸石含量较少的T1、T2、T3(即煤矸石与腐熟油菜秸秆的体积比分别为2∶8、3∶7和4∶6)基质的重金属污染程度较小,潜在生态风险程度较低,在这3种基质上栽种的蔬菜重金属综合污染评价等级为优良或安全,符合蔬菜绿色食品标准。重金属对混合基质产生的污染中,Cd和Hg是主要的重金属污染及潜在生态风险因子,其他重金属(Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、As)的污染能力较低。此外,影响混合基质重金属生物有效性的主要因子是有机质,除Cd、As外,基质中的有机质含量与有效态重金属含量存在极显著负相关,基质pH对其影响较小。Four species of vegetables,Chinese cabbage（Brassica chinensis）,lettuce（Lactuca sativa）,amaranth（Amarantus mangostanus）,and spinach（Spinacia oleracea）,were soillessly cultivated in biotron pots.The culture media were mixtures of decomposed rape straw and coal gangue in five volume ratios,which were 8∶2（T1）,7∶3（T2）,6∶4（T3）,5∶5（T4） and 4∶6（T5）,respectively.The state of heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risk in the cultivation systems of the four species of vegetables were assessed by using Nemerow Pollution Indices and Hakanson Indices,respectively.The results showed that three cultivated media（T1,T2 and T3） containing less coal gangue exhibited low levels of heavy metal contamination and less potential ecological risk.According to the green vegetable standards,vegetables cultivated in the three soilless media were valuated as good quality or safe in relation to heavy metal contamination.Cd and Hg were the main heavy metal contaminant and potential ecological risk factors in the compound media.The other heavy metals（Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,As） had relatively low pollution capability.Furthermore,bio-availability of heavy metals（except for Cd and As） were strongly negatively correlated with organic matter,though slightly influenced by pH of matrix.

关 键 词：油菜秸秆 煤矸石 无土栽培基质 重金属污染 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X820.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X712