秸秆覆盖对东北黑土区土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响  

Effects of Mulch Cover on Hillslope Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

作　　者：杨青森[1] 郑粉莉[1,2] 温磊磊[1] 耿晓东[2,3] 安娟[2,3] 王彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第2期1-5,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家基础研究发展计划项目课题"不同类型区土壤侵蚀过程与机理"(2007CB407201);西北农林科技大学创新团队建设计划项目"土壤侵蚀及其治理环境效应评价"(01140202)

摘　　要：利用野外原位模拟降雨试验,研究了秸秆覆盖对东北黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响。试验处理包括1个施肥水平(纯N为150kg/hm2;纯P为75kg/hm2),3个秸秆覆盖度(翻耕裸露,低覆盖2kg/m2,高覆盖4kg/m2),1个降雨强度(90mm/h,降雨历时60min)和1个坡度(5°),试验小区长10m,宽1m。研究结果表明,低秸秆覆盖与翻耕裸露处理相比,坡面的径流量和侵蚀产沙量分别减少了87%和99.86%;在高秸秆覆盖条件下,坡面不产生径流。低秸秆覆盖条件下,径流中的NO3-—N和PO34-—P的浓度分别是翻耕裸露处理的5.52倍和4.25倍,但NO3-—N和PO34-—P的流失量与翻耕裸露处理基本相同。同样,低秆覆盖条件下侵蚀泥沙中NO3-—N和PO43-—P的含量分别是翻耕裸露处理的4.38倍和2.93倍,但NO3-—N和PO43-—P的流失量与翻耕裸露处理相比分别减少了99.3%和99.6%。因此,在东北黑土区选取适宜的秸秆覆盖量对保护耕地质量具有重要意义。A field simulated rainfall experiment was designed to quantify effects of mulch cover on hillslope soil erosion and nutrient loss in the black soil region of the Northeast China.The experiment treatments included one fertilizer input（150 N and 75 P kg/hm2） and three mulch cover levels（bare land,2 and 4 kg/m2 corn mulch cover）.Simulated rainfalls were applied at a rate of 90 mm/h for 60 minutes on slopes of 5°.The plot size was 10 m long and 1 m wide.The results show that when corn mulch cover was 2 kg/m2,runoff decreased by 87% and the soil loss reduced by 99.86%,respectively,comparing to the bare land.For 4 kg/m2 of corn mulch cover,no runoff occurred.Under the 2 kg/m2 mulch cover treatment,NO-3—N and PO3-4—P concentrations in runoff were 5.52 and 4.25 times higher than them from the bare land,but the total losses of NO-3—N and PO3-4—P in runoff were similar.NO-3—N and PO3-4—P in eroded sediment from the lowly covered plot were 4.38 and 2.93 times respectively greater than them from the bare land;but the total losses of NO-3—N and PO3-4—P in eroded sediment from mulch cover treatment reduced by 99.3% and 99.6%,respectively.Therefore,the proper corn mulch cover is important for protecting soil quality and reducing agricultural non-point pollution.

关 键 词：东北黑土区 秸秆覆盖 土壤侵蚀 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]