低聚壳聚糖种子包衣剂的制备及应用  

Preparation and Application of Chitooligosaccharide as Seed Coating Formulation

作　　者：张勇[1,2] 黄德智 王天琪[3] 徐峰[3] 刘珊[3] 李亚明[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学精细化工国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连鑫蝶泓祥甲壳素有限公司,辽宁大连116036 [3]大连工业大学化工与材料学院,辽宁大连116034

出　　处：《精细化工》2011年第5期479-483,共5页Fine Chemicals

摘　　要：以天然高分子低聚壳聚糖为杀菌成分,聚乙烯醇和甘油为添加剂,制得一种可降解种衣剂。研究了低聚壳聚糖、甘油的质量分数,低聚壳聚糖脱乙酰度等条件对所制种衣剂共混膜的抗拉强度、伸长率及膜透气率等参数的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内共混膜的抗拉强度和伸长率随低聚壳聚糖和甘油质量分数的增大而提高,膜透气率随低聚壳聚糖质量分数的增大而降低,但随甘油质量分数的增大而提高。种衣剂制备的最佳配比为:w(低聚壳聚糖)=2%,w(聚乙烯醇)=4%,w(甘油)=0.5%,反应温度45℃,反应时间1 h。该种衣剂具有良好的抑菌、杀菌、促进种子发芽作用,与空白对照组相比,提高玉米种子发芽率21%;使用该种衣剂处理棉花种子,与常规拌种相比,每100 m2产量可增加4.8 kg。In this paper,a biodegradable seed coating formulation was prepared with natural polymer chitooligosaccharide as the bactericidal component,polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol as additives.The effects of chitooligosaccharide mass fraction,glycerol mass fraction,degree of deacetylation of chitooligosaccharide on seed coating blend membranes′ tensile strength,elongation,membrane permeability and other parameters were investigated.The results show that,within a certain scope,the tensile strength and elongation of the blend membranes improve with the increase of chitooligosaccharide and glycerol mass fraction.The membrane permeability decreases with the increase of chitooligosaccharide mass fraction,but increases with the increase of glycerol mass fraction.The best conditions for the preparation of seed coating are：chitooligosaccharide 2%,polyvinyl alcohol 4%,glycerol 0.5%,reaction temperature 45 ℃ and reaction time 1 h.This seed coating has good antibacterial and sterilizing effect and promotes the germination of seeds.Compared with the control group,the corn seed germination rate is improved by 21%.In addition,the seed coating can effectively prevent insects and protect seeds,promoting the healthy growth of seedlings,hence the increase of crop yield.Compared with the conventional beforehand sowing,the yield of 100 m2 can increase 4.8 kg when this seed coating is used to process cotton seeds.

关 键 词：种衣剂 共混膜 低聚壳聚糖 聚乙烯醇 医药与日化原料 

分 类 号：TQ452[化学工程—农药化工] S482[农业科学—农药学]