身份凸显性:启动自我的开关  

Identity Salience: The Switch of Self

作　　者：吴小勇[1] 杨红升[1] 程蕾[1] 黄希庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2011年第5期712-722,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(批准号:05JZD00031);西南大学211三期工程国家重点学科建设项目(NSKD08001)资助

摘　　要：当意识到自己特定的身份时,个人往往在这个身份的框架内来感知周围的世界。身份凸显性指特定身份在社会情境中启动的可能性。相关研究者分别从人格,自我归类和社会建构的角度来认识身份凸显性,它与自我概念整合存在紧密关系。身份凸显性的影响因素主要包括:身份承诺水平,情绪,群体规模和地位,以及情境中相关线索的优势水平。另外,阐述了几个抑制或干扰身份凸显性的策略:去类别化、再类别化和次类别化。未来研究需关注不同水平身份如何相互作用,自我概念整合,从社会构建的角度探索抑制或干扰身份凸显性的策略,以及跨文化研究。When an individual is categorized as a member of a group, the individual＇s social identity becomes his or her frame for perceiving the world. This phenomenon reflects the important role of identity salience which means the possibility of related identity activated in special situation on individual＇s cognition and behavior. Recently, theories about identity salience are constructed from several perspectives, such as personality, self-categorization, and social construal. All of these theories indicate that identity salience have close relationship with the process of self-concept integration. In addition, many studies found that effects of identity salience could be moderated by level of identity commitment, emotion, group size, social status, and dominant cue of related identity in specific situation. And many effective strategies, including decategorization, recategorization, and subcategorization, are used to reduce negative influence of identity salience. The future research should pay more attention to interaction between different levels of identities, integration of self-concept, strategies to reduce negative effects of identity salience, and cross-culture research about identity salience.

关 键 词：身份凸显性 工作自我概念 自我归类 角色身份 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]