应对全球气候变化的干旱农业生态系统研究--第二届EAM国际会议青年学者论坛综述  

Arid agricultural ecology in response to global change: Overview on Young Scholar Forum of the 2^(nd) International Workshop on EAM

作　　者：赵旭喆[1] 李朴芳[1] Kadambot H.M Siddique Neil C Turner 李凤民[1] 莫非[1] 熊友才[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]西澳大学农学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第9期2356-2364,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项子课题(GYHY200806021-06);国家自然科学基金项目(31070372和30970447);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-07-0396);兰州大学人才引进专项项目(582449)

摘　　要：全球气候变暖对干旱农业生态系统管理提出了严峻的挑战,解决方案须从个体到全球不同尺度开展系统研究,并协同考虑与社会经济系统的互作机制。综述了2010年7月24日在兰州大学举行的第二届生态系统评估与管理(EAM)国际会议青年学者论坛的18场青年学者报告,包括全球变化生态学、植物水分生态学、植物营养与土壤生态学、草畜耦合生态学和生态系统设计与管理等5个分支,报告内容从个体尺度到全球尺度、从自然层面到社会层面均有涉及。将会议主题放入Reynolds等人提出的旱地系统发展范式(DDP)、Jianguo Liu等人提出的人与自然耦合系统理论(CHANS)和Thorvald Sφrensen提出的生态区概念(ecotope)及脆弱生态系统差别分层管理理论(SFDM)的视角中开展系统地讨论。总结过去20a在干旱农业生态学方面的研究工作,并融合国际前沿进展,提出在年降水量为300-550 mm的地区如何实施"大面积搞生态、小面积搞生产"和以"提高农业生产力和增加植被覆盖率"为核心的生态系统管理模式。该模式映射了未来几十年高效应对全球变化给干旱农业生态系统管理带来的挑战。Global warming is predicted to cause more serious challenge to the management of arid agro-ecosystem.Sustainable solution must be developed on the basis of systematic research at different scales from individual organism to global system,and with the feedback and interaction mechanism of socio-economic system into consideration.This paper summarizes eighteen oral presentations from the Young Scholars Forum of the 2nd International Ecosystem Assessment and Management（EAM） which was held on the July 24,2010 at Lanzhou University,China.The papers at the forum covered following five aspects： global change ecology,plant water ecology,plant nutrition and soil ecology,integrated grassland livestock ecology and ecosystem design management.Arid agro-ecosystem management has been developing at multiple scales from individual organism to global ecosystem,and across the dimensions from natural to social ecosystems.At the latter part of this paper,the theme of EAM Young Scholar Forum is discussed with the perspectives of ＂drylands development paradigm（DDP）＂（Reynolds et al.,2007,SCIENCE） and ＂coupled natural and human systems（CHANS）＂（Jianguo Liu et al.,2007,SCIENCE）,and with the concept and principle of ＂ecotope＂（i.e.the stratified feature and distinct management for arid fragile ecosystem,SFDM;Thorvald Srensen,1936）.On the other hand,we make an integrated evaluation on the methods,approaches and theories of arid agroecology which we carried out over last two decades in the Loess Plateau.Based on the recent advances in this area of research we propose a new model of how to manage fragile arid agricultural ecosystem in the 300-550 mm annual rainfall areas of the Loess Plateau.The model proposes to improve agricultural productivity and increase vegetation coverage,and accordingly brings greater economic benefits to local farmering community.Under the conditions of low and variable soil water availability in the Loess Plateau,how to improve farmland productivity,particularly substantial in

关 键 词：气候变化 干旱农业 生态系统 青年学者论坛 

分 类 号：S181-2[农业科学—农业基础科学]