灌水频率对河西走廊绿洲菊芋生活史对策及产量形成的影响  

Effect of irrigationfrequency on life history strategy and yield formation in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus.L) in oasis of Hexi Corridor

作　　者：张恒嘉 黄高宝 杨斌 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第9期2401-2406,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：甘肃农业大学甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金课题;国家自然科学基金资助项目(40801044)

摘　　要：灌水频率对作物产量形成和生活史对策具有重要影响,但对于收获地下块茎的经济作物的研究非常少见。以菊芋为材料,分别在苗期(seedling,S)、枝繁叶茂期(lush foliage,L)、现蕾期(budding,B)和开花期(flowering,F)施加不同灌水组合,包括苗期600m3/hm2(S600,相当于天然降雨量)处理组J1、S600+L600为J2、S600+B600为J3、S600+L300+B900为J4、S600+L900+B300为J5、S600+L600+B300+F900为J6以及全生育期不浇水的对照组CK,测定菊芋产量及生物量分配变化。结果表明,低灌水频率显著降低菊芋产量和干物质积累,苗期到枝繁叶茂期是株高增长速度最快的时期,到枝繁叶茂期之后显著性下降,表明枝繁叶茂期是营养生长的高峰期。不同灌水频率处理组之间菊芋产量和干物质积累量有显著性差异,表现为J1<J2<J3<J4<(J5和J6),其中J5处理产量最高,分别比其他处理增产9.1%—82.1%,表明菊芋在枝繁叶茂期到现蕾期是水分消耗最大和需求最旺盛的时期。J5处理单株个数和茎粗也最高,分别比其他处理显著提高13.2%—80.7%,最有利于地下块茎膨胀期积累生物量。可以认为,以收获地下块茎为主要目的的经济作物与以收获籽粒为目的的粮食作物具有类似的生活史对策,在营养生长期应侧重对水分的充分利用,在生殖生长期应降低对水分的需求而侧重对同化产物的转运。Irrigation frequency influences crop yield formation and life history strategy,but little research has done on underground tuber harvested economic crops.Jerusalem artichoke yield and biomass distribution dynamics were determined in different water application compounding treatments with the irrigation time at seedling（S）,lush foliage（L）,budding（B）,and flowering（L） stages,respectively.The treatments were J1,in which crops were watered 600mm at seedling stage（S600,equal to natural rainfall）,J2（S600＋L600）,J3（S600＋B600）,J4（S600＋L300＋B900）,J5（S600＋L900＋B300）,J6（S600＋L600＋B300＋F900） and CK,in which crops were never watered.The result indicated that low irrigation frequency significantly decreased Jerusalem artichoke yield and dry matter accumulation.Plant height was increased the fastest from seedling to lush foliage but significantly decreased after lush foliage,which implied that lush foliage was the fastest nutrition growth period for Jerusalem artichoke.There were significant differences in Jerusalem artichoke yield and dry matter accumulation among different irrigation treatments,with the order as J1J2J3J4（J5 and J6）.In all the treatments,J5 yielded the highest with 9.1% to 82.1% more than those in the other treatments,which showed that water was consumed and required the most from Jerusalem artichoke lush foliage to budding.Number per plant and stem diameter in J5 were the highest with 13.2% to 80.7% more than those in the other treatments,which was beneficial the most to biomass accumulation during underground tuber expansion period.Therefore,there were similar life history strategies in underground tuber harvested economic crops and grain harvested crops,and high water consumption during vegetative growth period and less water requirement during reproductive growth period should be emphasized.

关 键 词：菊芋 产量 生活史对策 灌水频率 

分 类 号：S632.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]