不同群体结构夏玉米灌浆期光合特征和产量变化  

Photosyntheticcharacterization and yield of summer corn (Zea mays L.) during grain filling stage under different planting pattern and population densities

作　　者：卫丽[1] 熊友才[2,3] Baoluo Ma 马超[1] 张慧琴[1] 邵阳[1] 李朴芳[2] 程正国[2] 王同朝[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [2]兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]加拿大农业部东部谷物与油料研究中心,安大略省渥太华K1A0C6

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第9期2524-2531,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(2009HASTIT006);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(200903007-04);河南省基础与前沿技术研究计划项目(30200063);河南省重大公益性科研招标项目(091100910100);河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金

摘　　要：大田试验以夏玉米为试料,采用裂裂区试验设计,密度设计包含75000、90000、105000株/hm23个密度作为主区,每个密度处理包括:①等行距60 cm×单株留苗,②等行距60 cm×双株三角留苗,③宽窄行距(宽行70 cm+窄行距50 cm)×单株留苗和④宽窄行距×双株三角留苗共12种方式进行处理,测定光合及叶绿素荧光参数。研究不同群体结构对夏玉米灌浆期群体光合特性的影响。结果表明,在吐丝期,随着种植密度的增加,群体光合速率提高;蜡熟期以90000株/hm2最高,种植方式上表现为宽窄行大于等行距种植,双株留苗种植方式大于单株种植方式,差异均达到显著水平;随着种植密度的提高,群体内3个层次叶片最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)逐渐降低,种植方式基本表现为宽窄行大于等行距,留苗方式表现为双株大于单株。试验条件下,以90000株/hm2,宽窄行,双株三角留苗产量最高。Population structure is one of the important factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency and yield formation of crop plants.A 3 x 4 factorial field experiment with maize（Zea mays L.） was arranged in a split plot design with 4 replications.Three population densities（75000,90000,105000 plants/hm2） were assigned in the main plots,each of which was divided into four subplots to host the planting patterns： 1） even plant spacing in a conventional 60 cm row,2） double plants in a triangle arrangement in the same 60cm row spacing,3） even plant spacing in a twin-row arrangement with 50 cm within each twin-row and 70 cm row spacing between two twin-rows,and 4） similar to 3）,but with double plants in a triangle arrangement within each row in the twin-row arrangement.During the grain filling period,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured.The results showed that under the high plant density,canopy apparent photosynthesis of double-plant planting pattern in the twin-row treatment was higher（P 0.05） than that of the even plant spacing in the conventional 60 cm row spacing.With increasing plant densities,the values of Fv/Fm,and qP were all reduced slightly to significantly,there were larger reductions in the chlorophyll florescence parameters in twin-row than in single row planting patterns,and in double-plant planting pattern than in the equal-distance single row plant spacing.The 90000 plants/hm2 density in double-plant planting pattern and twin-row spacing arrangement had the greatest canopy photosynthetic productivity and greater yield.

关 键 词：夏玉米 群体 光合 荧光 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]