论“互惠性”假设对“经济人”假设的非理性冲击——基于委托代理模型的分析  

The Non-Reasonable Pound of Mutual Benefit Assumption for Economic Person Assumption——Based on the Analysis of Entrust-Agent Model

作　　者：刘良灿[1] 张同健[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州财经学院工商管理学院,贵州贵阳550004 [2]乐山师范学院旅游与经济管理学院,四川乐山614004

出　　处：《技术经济与管理研究》2011年第5期6-10,共5页Journal of Technical Economics & Management

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目(07BJY017):和谐社会的微观经济研究

摘　　要：互惠性偏好是行为经济理论中的一个重要研究领域,对传统的理性"经济人"假设提出了现实性的挑战。借助于激励理论中的委托--代理模型,通过互惠性假设下与"经济人"假设下的博弈均衡解的对比分析可知,新古典体系中的最优契约均衡存在着帕累托改进的可能。互惠性行为下的经济收益可以大于自利性行为下的经济收益,经济个体可以通过经济行为的调整与分配机制的变更来获取更大的利益,并促进组织利益、群体利益与社会利益的扩张。研究表明,长期在经济理论中居于主导地位"经济人"假设在现代经济社会中的实践性日渐衰退,包括"互惠性"假设在内的非理性假设存在着较高的现实意义。互惠性理论的提出不仅动摇了传统经济理论的基础,也促进了管理理论与管理行为的变革。互惠性理论从一个侧面为行为经济学提供了坚实的理论基础,巩固了行为经济学在现代经济理论中的卓越性地位。The mutual benefit hobby is an important research realm and has challenged with the traditional reasonableness person postulation.We can know that there is the possibility of improvement for the superior contract balance based on the lately classic economic system by the analysis of entrust-act model and through the compared analysis of game balance between reasonableness person postulation and mutual benefit postulation.Mutual economic benefits may be more than self-serving economic behavior.The economic individuals may obtain greater benefits by means of adjusting economic behavior and distribution mechanism to promote organizational interests,group interests and social interests.Studies shows that the function of ＂economic man assumption＂ would decline gradually in the modern economics,which is dominant in economic theory for a long time,while irrational assumption including reciprocity hypothesis have a high practical significance.Formulation of reciprocity theory not only shakes the foundation of traditional economic theory,but also promotes the changes of management theory and management behavior.The mutual benefit theory provides solid theory foundation for behavior economics and strengthens the outstanding position of behavior economics in modern economics theories.

关 键 词：互惠性偏好 行为经济学 理性经济人 激励理论 均衡博弈 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]