蔗叶还田对土壤微生物、理化性状及甘蔗生长的影响  

Effect of Trash Returning on Microbial Communities,Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Plant Growth of Sugarcane

作　　者：廖青[1,2] 韦广泼[1,2] 陈桂芬[1,2] 刘斌[1,2] 黄东亮[3,2] 李杨瑞[4,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心,广西南宁530007 [3]广西甘蔗研究所,广西南宁530007 [4]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2011年第2期658-662,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD30B03);科技部国际合作项目(2008DFA30600);广西科技攻关重点项目(桂科攻0782004-3);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-024-01-15);广西农业科学院基本科研业务费项目[201020(基)]

摘　　要：为研究蔗叶还田对土壤微生物、理化性状及甘蔗生长的影响,设计常规栽培和蔗叶还田处理的对比试验。结果表明,蔗叶还田使土壤微生物总数明显增加,细菌总数、真菌总数、放线菌总数分别是常规栽培处理的2.38、1.80和2.74倍,且微生物群落组成也发生了明显变化;蔗叶还田还能增加土壤的有机质和速效养分含量,提高土壤保水性能和酸性土壤的pH值,从而明显改善土壤的理化性状;蔗叶还田栽培使甘蔗生长速度加快,每公顷增产原料蔗8.41 t,除去蔗叶粉碎成本360元,净增收2373.3元;增糖1.53 t,效益显著。蔗叶还田是一项保水保肥的节本增效栽培技术。Two treatments,conventional management and trash returning,were designed to study the effect of trash returning on the microbial communities and the physical and chemical properties of soil,and plant growth of sugarcane.The experimental results showed that,the trash returning treatment could increase the total microbe colonies and change the structure of microbial communities in soil.The total bacteria colonies,the total fungi colonies and the total actinomyces colonies in the trash returning treatment were 2.38,1.80 and 2.74 fold high as those in the conventional management treatment,respectively.Meanwhile,the trash returning treatment increased the organic matter and available nutrient content in soil,improved the moisture and pH value of acid soil,leading to distinct improvement of the soil physical and chemical properties.Moreover,the trash returning treatment promoted the plant growth of sugarcane,leading to cane yield increase by 8.41 ton per hectare,net income increase by 2373.3 yuan per hectare except the trash grinding cost 360 yuan per hectare,and sucrose yield increase by 1.53 ton per hectare.Apparently,trash returning was a water-saving and fertilizer-saving technique for commercial sugarcane production.

关 键 词：蔗叶还田 微生物 理化性状 甘蔗生长 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]