黄土高塬沟壑区典型小流域土地利用变化及其对水土流失的影响  

Land use change and its effects on soil and water loss in typical small watershed of Loess Plateau gully region

作　　者：陈攀攀[1] 常宏涛 毕华兴[3] 陈智汉[4] 

机构地区：[1]台州学院,浙江临海317000 [2]米脂县林业工作站,陕西米脂718100 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [4]黄河水利委员会西峰水土保持科学试验站,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2011年第2期57-63,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"水土流失综合调控原理与治理范式"(2007CB407207)

摘　　要：基于水土保持学基本理论并结合RS、GIS技术,以黄土高塬沟壑区典型小流域——杨家沟小流域为主要研究对象,并与未治理的小流域——董庄沟小流域进行对比,以1954—2008年的降水、径流、泥沙以及土地利用变化为基础数据,以水利部颁布的《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》为标准,研究杨家沟小流域50多年来的土地利用变化及其对水土流失的影响。结果表明:1)杨家沟小流域自50年代初开始采取水土保持治理措施以来,土地利用发生了较大的变化,林地面积大幅增加;2)杨家沟小流域水土流失状况得到了明显改善,年产流降雨量、年径流量、年输沙量、土壤密度都明显减小,侵蚀强度分级中强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀面积不断减少;3)杨家沟小流域水土流失状况虽然得到了有效控制,但还可以加大治理力度,调整土地利用类型和土地利用结构,部分坡度较大的耕地应严格退耕还林,进一步植树造林,提高未利用地利用率,更加有效地控制水土流失。By using RS and GIS technologies,this study were carried out in Yangjiagou small watershed,Loess Plateau Gully Region based on the basic theory of science of soil and water conservation,and the Dongzhuanggou watershed without control measures were taken as control.The land use change and its impacts on soil and water loss were studied by using the data of rainfall,runoff sediment yield and land use during 1954 to 2008,and referencing the ＂Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion＂ issued by Ministry of Water Resources.The results will benefit promoting optimal allocation model of land use pattern,and supportting the control of soil and water loss in Loess Plateau.Results show that：1） Since early 1950s,the control measures of soil and water conservation have brought a great change in land use in Yangjiagou watershed.The area of forest land increased greatly and the area of unexploited land discreased sharply.2） The effects of soil and water consevation were improved significantly,which was expressed by the reduction of the annual rain generating runoff,runoff,sediment yield and soil bulk density.The area of soil and water loss in strong,extremely strong,and severe were shringking.3） Although the soil and water loss had been effectively controlled in Yangjiagou watershed,it still should be strengthened in the control degree of soil and water loss control,adjusting of land use type and land use structure.Some areas of steep cultivated land should be converted into forests,and the planting should be further taken to improve the utilization of unexploited land.

关 键 词：土地利用 水土流失 优化配置 黄土高塬沟壑区 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]