鹿角蕨(鹿角蕨科)配子体发育及其濒危机制探讨  

The Gametophyte Development and Endangerment Mechanism of Platycerium wallichii,A Tropical Epiphytic Fern

作　　者：王卫清[1,2] 成晓[2] 焦瑜[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵阳药用植物园,贵州贵阳550002 [2]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期293-297,311,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

摘　　要：采用改良Knop's琼脂培养基和腐殖土分别培养鹿角蕨(Platycerium wallichii)孢子,解剖镜及光学显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育的全部过程和有性繁殖情况,并在此基础上探讨了鹿角蕨的濒危原因。结果表明:鹿角蕨的成熟孢子橙黄色,两侧对称,赤道面观豆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝;孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为槲蕨型;成熟原叶体呈对称心脏形;毛状体在幼原叶体阶段开始出现;精子器和颈卵器的发生时间间隔过长和自然状况下受精期湿度太低阻碍了精卵结合是鹿角蕨自身在配子体世代的主要濒危原因;此外,分布区狭窄、个体数量少、分布地原生植被遭到破坏、适宜的温暖阴湿自然环境丧失及人为滥采乱挖等都在一定程度上加剧了鹿角蕨的濒危。The spores of Platycerium wallichii were cultured in improved Knop＇s agar medium and hu- mus soil respectively. Spore germination, gametophyte development and sexual reproduction were observed under anatomical lens and optical microscope. On this basis, the cause of its endangerment was analyzed. The results showed that the mature spores are orange-yellow, monolete, bean-shaped in equatofial view and elliptical in polar view. The spore germination is of the Vittaria-type and the gametophyte development is the Drynaria-type. The adult prothalli are symmetrical cordate. Trichomes occurred in infant prothallus stage. The low humidity in fertilization period under natural conditions and the long interval between the appearance of antheridia and archegonia are the main reasons for the endangerment of P. wallichii in gametophyte generation. Moreover, the finity of distribution area, the small population, the destruction of original vegetation, the loss of suitable habitat and the discretionarily excavation by human aggravate the endangerment of P. wallichii.

关 键 词：鹿角蕨 配子体发育 有性繁殖 濒危机制 

分 类 号：Q945.51[生物学—植物学]