航天搭载诱变获得多腋芽矮化遗传的烟草突变体—T-srd  

A Tobacco Mutant,T-srd with Characters of Abundant Sucker and Dwarfness was Obtained by Aerospace Mutation

作　　者：郑少清[1] 胡重怡[1] 叶定勇[1] 蔡刘体[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究所,贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2011年第2期6-10,共5页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局资助项目(981057);贵州省烟草专卖局资助项目(04-01)

摘　　要：从搭载神舟三号上天的烤烟品种GT11（Nicotiana tabacum var.GT11）后代中,筛选到稳定的多腋芽矮化突变体（T-srd,Tobacco of Sucker-rich and Dwarf mutant）。利用正反交和测交获得F1、F2和测交群体,通过田间观察与苗期观察相结合的方法,对该突变体进行性状分析,研究其遗传规律。结果显示,该突变体播种后5周左右（31~38 d）即在第一真叶节位处发生腋芽,此时GT11和正交、反交群体（F1）无腋芽出现。经卡方检验表明,正交和反交的F2烟苗群体中有腋芽烟苗和无腋芽烟苗比例符合1：3分离规律,有一个测交组合符合1：1分离规律。移栽后90 d,T-srd的株高（161.73±16.30）cm,比GT11矮24.45%,节距（3.77±0.24）cm,比GT11低31.33%,茎围（10.03±0.42）cm,比GT11低12.71%,以上指标与GT11间存在极显著差异。叶数与GT11相当,没有显著差异。田间T-srd的腋芽自茎基部萌发,并逐步向上发展,与顶芽间存在距离效应。结果表明,T-srd多腋芽性状符合孟德尔分离规律,该性状属于质量性状,可能由单基因隐性突变所致。A dwarf mutant with abundant sucker was observed in populations of second generation of Nicotiana tabacum（L） cv.GT11 which experienced space mutation in a recoverable satellite,the Chinese third unmanned spacecraft ＂Shen-Zhou III＂,and these heredities were stable.It was named as T-srd,Tobacco of Sucker-rich and Dwarf mutant.The suckers of T-srd emerged at the first leaf node in 5 weeks after sowing.In field,the emergence of sucker was orderly from bottom to top,and under the control of the apical bud,which had no sucker until the node laid under half of the stalk height at first flower stage.At 90 days after transplanting,the plant height,length of internodes,and stem girth of T-srd were lower than those of GT11.There was no sucker-rich and dwarf phenotype in F1 population,and the segregation ratio in F2 population of seedling between sucker-rich and sucker-free phenotype in Chi-square test followed the Mendel Genetic Law.Those results suggest that the sucker-rich and dwarf trait is a qualitative character which belongs to recessive mutation controlled by single gene.

关 键 词：烟草 航天诱变 多腋芽 矮化 突变体 遗传规律 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]