侧穗凤仙花的传粉生态和繁育系统  

Pollination ecology and breeding system of Impatiens lateristachys (Balsaminaceae) endemic to China

作　　者：毛志斌[1,2] Cedric Boehler 葛学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]Institut de Botanique,Université de Neuchtel,Neuchtel,CH-2007,Switzerland

出　　处：《广西植物》2011年第2期160-166,共7页Guihaia

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB411600)~~

摘　　要：通过对峨眉山特有种侧穗凤仙花的开花生物学特性、花器官结构、传粉者种类和访花行为、繁育系统、花粉胚珠比（P/O）及花粉活力的研究。发现居群之间花的寿命变化比较大,它们的雄蕊期长,雌/雄蕊期比为0.12~0.17;花粉胚珠比达到4.6万,花粉在开花第一天有很高的活力（〉90%）;传粉者为熊蜂和天蛾,熊蜂包括贞洁熊蜂、白背熊蜂;存在盗蜜者灰熊蜂。侧穗凤仙花是自交亲和的异交植物,能通过雌雄异熟和独特的花部结构来避免自交及雌雄干扰。侧穗凤仙花存在柱头运动现象,并通过柱头运动增强了雌性功能。由于昆虫访花频率很低,侧穗凤仙花自然结果率（26%）很低,人工授粉明显增加了结果率（42%）,说明侧穗凤仙花的低结果率可能和传粉者限制有关。Pollination ecology and the breeding system of Impatiens lateristachys,a species endemic to the Emei Mountain were studied.The floral phenology,floral structure,pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）,pollen viability,floral visitors and their behavior,and the breeding system were observed and determined.The flowering phase of the protandrous I.lateristachys lasted for a long time.The life span of an individual changed between the populations,but the female phase-male phase ratio was similar（0.12-0.17）.The pollen/ovule ratio was 460 thousand,and pollen viability（MTT test）was at high level on the first day（90%）.The primary pollinators were Bombus festivus Smith and B.parthenius Richards;secondary pollinators were hawk moth;and B.grahami Frison was nectar gatherer.I.lateristachys was a self-compatible species,its special floral structure and protandrous character could avoid selfing and intrafloral male-female interference very well.The stigma movement of I.lateristachys was responsible for enhancing the function of the female.Fruit set was relatively low（26%）under natural conditions,but hand-pollination increased the fruit set（42%）.And the pollinator visitation rate（0.2-2.0）was significantly lower than that of other congeneric species（7.1-8.9）,indicating that the fruit set may be limited by the shortage of pollinators.

关 键 词：凤仙花科 传粉 繁育系统 雌雄异熟 柱头运动 雌雄干扰 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]