环境物理污染、全球暖化与绿色环境产业  

Environment physical pollution,global warming and green environment industry

作　　者：方丹群[1,2,3] 张斌 翟国庆[3] 

机构地区：[1]美国西方环境科学院,美国洛杉矶90720 [2]国家环境保护城市噪声与振动控制技术中心,北京100054 [3]浙江大学地球科学系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第2期189-200,共12页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

摘　　要：概述物理污染给人类生存环境带来的毁灭性危害。剖析噪声对听力、心血管系统、神经系统的伤害,说明噪声已成重要的国际公害。指出人们生活在电磁波海洋中,电磁辐射对生物机体细胞、免疫功能、性功能等均有不良影响。热污染、城市热岛现象及温室效应破坏地球热平衡,影响全球气候变化,导致全球变暖,引起南北极冰川融化,海平面上升,给人类生存环境带来重大灾害,直接危害人类的生存安全。论述了环境物理学的诞生和发展,以及环境物理学的学科体系。指出大环境中的力、热、声、光、电磁,是人类不可分离的生活环境和生存条件;提出"适量"物理环境的概念,引进"和谐物理环境"、"和谐物理因子"的观念。重点讨论环境声学的诞生和发展、噪声控制工程学、声预测、声景观、噪声地图;简述环境热学、全球暖化研究新进展。论述了环境光学、绿色能源的新趋势,指出环境光学的重要使命是研究开发取之不尽用之不竭的太阳光和能,进而着重探讨纳米硅晶和量子点,指出这一转换效率高、成本低的最新前沿科技成果将成为太阳能利用的重要亮点和发展趋势。最后,论述了绿色环境产业的崛起,及其将成为21世纪的主流产业;分析了中国与欧美发达国家在绿色环境产业方面的差距,提出了行之有效的解决方案。This article reviews the detrimental and hazardous effects of physical pollution on the human living environment.The damaging effects aroused by noise on human′s hearing,cardiovascular,and nervous systems are analized,showing that noise has became a major harm to the public.People are now living in the sea of electromagnetic waves.The electromagnetic radiation can induce negative effects on organism cells,the immune and sexual ability.Thermal pollution,urban heat island phenomenon,and the greenhouse effect destruct the earth′s heat balance,affect the global climate changing,induce global warming,which makes the polar ice melt,sea level rise,bringing disaster to environment.Heat waves will directly endanger human survival.The birth,development and academic system of environmental physics are also introduced in this paper.It is pointed out that force,heat,sound,light,and electromagnetic waves constitute human living environment and are necessary living conditions for human being.Concepts of proper physical environment,harmonious physical environment,and Harmony Physical Factor（HPF） to be human′s survival conditions are raised.The birth and development of environmental acoustics,noise control engineering,sound projections,sound landscape,and noise maps are mainly discussed.By discussing the new trend of environmental optics and green energy,the author point out that the important mission of green energy research is to utilize the inexhaustible solar energy.Nano-crystalline silicon and quantum dots are recommended to be highlights and developing trends in solar energy application study,for their high energy conversion efficiency and low-cost production technology.At last,the rising of green environmental industry is discoursed,and it is predicted to be a mainstream industry in the twenty-first century;the gap between China and Westen developed countries on the green environmental industry is discussed,and possible solutions are proposed.

关 键 词：物理污染 环境物理学 环境声学 全球暖化 绿色环境产业 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]