湖南省季节性干旱对双季稻生长及产量影响的模拟研究  

A Simulated Study on the Effects of Seasonal Drought on Growth and Yield of Double Cropping Rice in Hunan Province

作　　者：冯利平[1] 莫志鸿[1,2] 黄晚华[3] 杨晓光[1] 潘学标[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]湖南省气象科学研究所,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第5期895-902,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：教育部高等学校科技创新工程重大项目培育资金项目(708013);国家自然科学基金项目(30771249);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04B07)资助

摘　　要：湖南省季节性干旱是水稻生产的主要灾害之一。在对水稻模型ORYZA2000校准验证基础上,模拟分析了1960—2007年不同水分管理方式(持续灌溉、间歇灌溉和雨养)下双季稻生育期间季节性干旱特点及其对水稻生长与产量的影响。结果表明:(1)在间歇灌溉和雨养条件下,双季稻自幼穗分化前逐渐表现出稻田土壤季节性干旱特征,随着生育进程干旱不断加重,在雨养条件下,干旱特征随发育进程愈加明显;晚稻比早稻易受季节性干旱影响,生长后期较前期加重;双季稻开花期前后出现的干旱胁迫对生物量、产量影响最大;土壤干旱与作物干旱特征表现不同。(2)早稻与晚稻在平水年型及干旱年型下均表现出干旱现象;在干旱年型下,早稻自穗分化至成熟期干旱都较为严重,且强度与持续时间要大于平水年型;晚稻干旱的频率和强度都大于早稻,尤其是从穗分化到成熟阶段。(3)季节性干旱可造成不同程度的产量损失,间歇灌溉方式能够获得较高的产量,雨养水稻产量最低;雨养条件下晚稻产量普遍低于早稻产量。研究结果可为减轻季节性干旱的影响和采取合理水分管理措施提供科学依据。Seasonal drought is one of the most serious disasters in rice production in Hunan Province of China.On the basis of calibration and validation of rice model ORYZA2000,the characteristics of seasonal drought and its effect on growth and yield of double cropping rice under three types of water management with continued flooding （CF）,alternative wet and dry （AWD）,and rainfed （RF） conditions were simulated and analyzed with history weather data from 1960 to 2007.The results were as follows,（1） The soil seasonal drought of double rice gradually occurred from panicle initiation （PI） under AWD and RF conditions,and got more serious in the process of growth,especially under rainfed condition.The late rice tended to be more easily affected by seasonal drought than early rice,and the seasonal drought was more serious at late stage than early stage.The effect of drought on biomass and yield of rice was the severest at flowering stage.The characteristics between soil drought and crop drought showed differently.（2） There appeared seasonal drought for both early and late rice under the year types of normal and dry.The drought was serious for early rice from early PI to maturity under dry year type,and its strength and duration surpassed that of normal year type.The frequency and strength of drought for late rice excessed that of early rice under dry year type,especially from PI to maturity.（3） The seasonal drought caused different losses of yield in double rice.Higher yield of rice occurred under AWD,while the lowest yield occurred under RF.The yield of late rice was lower than that of early rice under rainfed condition.This quantitative study could provide a theoretical basis for the disaster mitigation of seasonal drought and sustainable water management in double rice production in Hunan.

关 键 词：双季稻 季节性干旱 产量 ORYZA2000 湖南 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]