海洋真菌的筛选及其对离体荔枝果霜霉病和炭疽病的防效  

Screening of Marine Antagonistic Fungi and Their Control Efficiency on Downy Mildew and Anthracnose Diseases of Harvested Litchi Fruit

作　　者：许兰兰[1,2] 黄曦[3] 李昆志[2] 陈丽梅[2] 黄庶识[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西科学院生物物理实验室,南宁530007 [2]昆明理工大学生物工程技术研究中心,昆明650233 [3]广西大学农学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2011年第2期214-220,共7页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30860010);广西科学基金项目(桂科回0832006);广西科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(08YJ16WL01);广西留学人员科技活动项目(桂人函[2008]987号)

摘　　要：从广西北部湾红树林区的近海海底沉积物与海水样品中分离出64株海洋真菌,以荔枝霜疫霉菌Peronophythora litchii和荔枝炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides为拮抗对象,发现有8株菌株对病原菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,其中菌株MF-3、MF-13、MF-15和MF-16的发酵滤液对荔枝霜疫霉菌的抑制效果较好,菌丝生长抑制率达到94%以上;菌株MF-3和MF-16的发酵滤液对荔枝炭疽病菌抑制效果较好,菌丝生长抑制率均在70%以上。用菌株MF-3、MF-6、MF-8、MF-13和MF-9的发酵滤液进行荔枝离体果防病保鲜试验,结果表明常温下保鲜处理2~4d后,鲜果的褐变指数小于对照组,其中菌株MF-9防褐变效果最好。在26~32℃下,用5株菌的发酵滤液分别浸泡鲜果1d后接种荔枝霜疫霉,3d后菌株MF-6、MF-8、MF-9和MF-13处理的发病率分别是68.3%、71.67%、66.18%和80%,显著低于对照组的87.2%和烯酰玛琳的84.2%（P〈0.05）,能推迟鲜果晚发病1d。接种炭疽菌3d后,菌株MF-6处理的发病率仅为64.44%,与多菌灵（62.76%）和代森锌（62.54%）效果相当。形态学观察结合分子鉴定,确定菌株MF-3、MF-6、MF-8、MF-9和MF-13分别为布雷正青霉Eupenicillium brefeldianum、微紫青霉Penicillium janthinellum、阿达青霉Penicillium adametzii、草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum和短棒曲霉Aspergillus clavatonanicus。Sixty-four strains of marine-derived fungi were isolated from the sediment and seawater collected from mangrove forest in Beibu Bay in China.Eight strains were demonstrated to be inhibitive against mycelial growth of both Peronophythora litchii and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.Fermentation filtrate of the strains MF-3、MF-13、MF-15 and MF-16 had high inhibition activity against mycelial growth of P.litchii by over 94% inhibitory rate,and the strains MF-3 and MF-16 could restrain mycelial growth of C.gloeosporioides by over 70%.Fruit preservation experiments demonstrated that browning index of the Lichi fruit treated by the fermentation filtrate of the five strains MF-3,MF-6,MF-8,MF-13 and MF-95 was lower than that of CK,and the strain MF-9 was the best on prevention of fruit browning.When Lichi fruits were immersed in the fermentation filtrate of MF-6、MF-8 and MF-9,separately,for 1 d and then inoculated with P.litchii, disease incidence was 68.3%,71.67% and 66.18%,respectively,after 3 d, significantly lower than that of control（87.2%） or dimethomorph treatment（84.2%）（P〈0.05）.The onset of fruit putrefaction could be postponed 1 d in comparison with CK.After 3 d of inoculation with C.gloeosporioides,disease incidence could be reduced to 64.44% by MF-6 treatment,without significant difference from that of zineb（62.54%） or badistan（62.76%） treatment.According to morphological and molecular characteristics,strain MF-3、MF-6、MF-8、MF-9 and MF-13 were identified as Eupenicillium brefeldianum,Penicillium janthinellum,Penicillium adametzii,Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus clavatonanicus,respectively.

关 键 词：海洋真菌 荔枝 霜疫霉菌 炭疽病菌 防治效果 

分 类 号：Q939.92[生物学—微生物学] S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]