洋山深水港入境船舶压载水浮游动物种类组成分析  

A biological survey of zooplankton taken from ballast water of the international navigation ships entering the Shanghai Yangshan Deep-water Port in China

作　　者：薛俊增[1] 刘艳[1] 王金辉[2] 邢小丽[3] 许乐平[3] 冯道伦[3] 吴惠仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]国家海洋局东海分局东海环境监测中心,上海200137 [3]上海海事大学海洋环境与工程学院,上海200135

出　　处：《海洋学报》2011年第1期138-145,共8页

基　　金：上海市科委"长三角联合攻关"项目(062358101);上海市教委科研创新项目(10YZ125);上海市教委第五期重点学科海洋生物学项目(J50701)

摘　　要：2008年10月至2009年4月采集了19艘停靠在上海洋山深水港的入境船舶压载水水样,对其浮游动物的种类组成进行了分析,共检出压载水中浮游动物39种,其中桡足类37种、淡水枝角类1种、海洋枝角类1种。结果显示,压载水中浮游动物的密度及种类组成与水样压载地的环境直接相关,不同航线船舶压载水中浮游动物的种类差异较大。调查发现,虽然调查船舶压载水中浮游动物的类群数量较少,但是仍从47.37%的船舶压载水中检出外来种浮游动物,其中有44.44%的船舶在沿岸港口处更换压载水,水文环境与洋山深水港相近,压载水中浮游动物存活概率高,因此洋山深水港入境船舶压载水仍存在较高的潜在生物入侵风险。结合本次调查结果,提出对洋山深水港入境船舶携带外来生物的防治策略建议。A biological survey of zooplanktons in the ballast water sampled from 19 container ships called at the Shanghai Yangshan Deep-water Port form October 2008 to April 2009,was carried out to assess the risk of introducing non-native species in Shanghai.In this investigation,39 species of zooplanktons are identified,of which 35 species are copepoda（89.4%） and 2 species are cladocera（5.13%）.The Sorensen comparability index,clustering analysis,correlation analysis and MDS analysis were applied to analyse the data of salinity,zooplankton density,biodiversity and dominant species.The zooplankton density and species quantity are related to environment factors of the exchange sites.The significant difference of zooplankton density occurred when the exchange site was of inshore to those of open sea.However,it was clear that ballast water exchange（BWE） method for enforcement by IMO did not remove all the source port taxa and this may pick up non-native species to the Yangshan Deep-water Port.12 non-native species are identified from 47.34% of all the international navigation ships＇ ballast water,which shows the potential risks to the ecological environment of the Yangshan Deep-water Port.

关 键 词：洋山深水港 浮游动物 压载水 

分 类 号：Q592[生物学—生物化学]