行政行为撤销要件的修订  

Amendment of the Requirements for Annulling a Specific Administrative Act

作　　者：杨登峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2011年第3期27-37,共11页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：2010年教育部规划基金项目"我国行政程序法中的实体规范立法研究"(项目批准号:10YJA820119);2009年江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究基金重点项目(课题编号:09SJB820001);江苏省法学会招标课题(课题编号:SFH2008A06)"违法行政行为的行政自纠制度研究";2010年国家哲学社会科学基金重大招标课题<维护司法公正和社会公平正义研究>;"江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：行政诉讼法采用封闭性正面列举的立法模式,仅规定违反法定程序、适用法律错误、超越职权等五种情形为行政行为撤销的要件,致使有些违法形态难以归入其中,给司法实践和后续立法造成了困难。行政行为的撤销要件是对司法审查的指引而非制约,其构成应建立在对法律规范的分类基础上,并采用开放的立法结构。建议将来修订行政诉讼法或制定行政程序法时,增列"没有法律依据的"、"决定内容违反法律规定的"和"其他侵害公民、法人或其他组织合法权益的"三种情形为撤销的要件,以解决实践中的解释困惑,并增强这一制度的社会适应力。The Administrative Procedure Law of the People＇s Republic of China （APL） prescribes at article 54 （2） that, a specific administrative act should be annulled or partially annulled by judgment, if the act has been undertaken in one of the following five circumstances ： a. inadequacy of essential evidence; b. erroneous application of the law or regulations; c. violation of legal pro- cedure; d. exceeding authority; or e. abuse of powers. This closed legislative model has led to great difficulties to judicial interpretation and later legislation. For example, if an act is made without any legal basis or its content violates a law, which one of the five circumstances should the act be classified into？ In fact, the statutory circumstance for annulling of a specific administra- tive act is just a guide to judicial review, not a control. For this reason, the classification of annulling circumstances should be based on the classifi- cation of legal norms, and take an open legislative structure. According to their different func- tions, administrative legal norms can be roughly classified into evidential norms, procedural norms, substantive norms （including organizational norms and conduct norms）, interpretative norms and applicative ones. Violating different kinds of norms means different modes of lawbreaking, which constitutes the basic requirements of annulling a specific administrative act. In future, when amends APL or makes the Administrative Procedure Act of the People＇s Republic of China （APA）, another three circumstances should be added into the circumstances for annul- ling of a specific administrative act, where the act has no legal basis, the content of the act vio- lates a law, or the act has other circumstances which will infringe the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, corporations or other organizations.

关 键 词：行政诉讼法 行政行为撤销 行政行为违法形态 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]