设施灌溉条件下不同次生盐渍化土壤盐分离子迁移特征  

Effects of Salt Ions Transport on Different Levels of Secondary Salinization Soil under Greenhouse Irrigation

作　　者：李卫[1] 郑子成[1] 李廷轩[1] 余海英[1] 曾礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2011年第5期92-99,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40901138)

摘　　要：通过在设施灌溉条件下的室内土柱模拟试验,研究了灌水对不同次生盐渍化水平设施土壤盐分离子迁移特征的影响。结果表明：Ca2＋与NO3-在灌水后5~15 d表现出随时间的推移剖面分布呈＂双峰＂特性,随着次生盐渍化水平的升高,Ca2＋与NO3-淋洗速度变慢同时其返盐时间也较迟。地下水对K＋迁移影响不显著,使得K＋在灌水后剖面分布呈＂单峰＂特性,SO42-在所有次生盐渍化水平下一次性灌水很难将其淋洗出耕层。从环境因素看,Ca2＋在土层的表层和底层以及灌水后期都表现出与水分和温度较好的耦合效应,并且两者对Ca2＋运移具有协同作用。K＋在0~20 cm土层运移主要受水分的影响,而30~50 cm土层主要受温度的影响,从灌水时间看,在灌水后5~15 d内主要受温度影响,而灌水20 d后主要受水分影响。NO3-和SO42-不论从土层还是时间看主要受水分的影响较大。The salt ions distribution at different levels of secondary salinization of greenhouse soil under the same irrigation was investigated through soil columns in lab.The results were as follows： Ca2＋ and NO-3 were showed ＂double peaks＂ feature on the distribution profile in the irrigation of 5~15 d.With the increased level of secondary salinization,Ca2＋ and NO-3 were leached more slowly while the return of salt time later.Migration of groundwater on the K ＋ had no significant effect.The K ＋ ions showed a ＂single peak＂ feature on the distribution profile after irrigation.The SO2-4 was difficult to be leached out of topsoil under all the degree of secondary salinzation.Factors from the environmental perspective,Ca2＋ in the soil surface and bottom were prominent with a good coupling effect of air temperature,soil moisture content and soil salt content,and both of the Ca2＋ transport had a synergistic effect.K＋ transport in 0~20 cm soil layers affected mainly by water,while the 30~50 cm soil layers mainly influenced by temperature,the time from the irrigation point of view,in 5~15 d after irrigation affected by temperature,but after 20 d affected mainly by water,while the 30~50 cm soil layer mainly influenced by temperature,the time from the irrigation point of view,in 5~15 d after irrigation affected by temperature,but 20 d after irrigation affected mainly by water.Whether from the soil or the time,NO-3 and SO2-4 transport was influenced mainly by water.

关 键 词：设施土壤 水盐运移 水热耦合 次生盐渍化 

分 类 号：S625.5[农业科学—园艺学] S156.41