吉尔吉斯斯坦水资源及其利用研究  

Study on Water Resources and Its Utilization in Kyrgyzstan

作　　者：吴淼[1,2] 张小云[1,2] 王丽贤[1,2] 陈曦[1] 张捷斌[1] 包安明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆分院文献信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2011年第3期455-462,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-307);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAB42B09-1;2008BAB42B09-3)

摘　　要：吉尔吉斯斯坦是中亚水资源最丰富的国家之一,多条大型跨境河流均发源于境内。但由于吉尔吉斯斯坦山地面积占优势的国土地貌特点,其淡水资源大多以开发难度较大的高山冰川、湖水和深层地下水的形式存在,河川径流占全部水资源量的比重较低。在水资源的空间分布方面,河川径流量的大小与海拔呈正相关;湖泊主要分布在高海拔的山地;冰川的分布主要表现为随海拔和坡向的不同而产生空间的不均衡性。在水资源开发利用方面,该国水能资源丰富,建有多座大型水库;在社会经济领域用水中,除市政生活用水较多取自地下水外,农业和工业用水主要来自地表水源,其中农业用水占总用水量的绝大部分,是影响全国用水变化的主要因素。由于水利设施不完善、水利用效率不高以及跨境河流的水分配等原因,吉尔吉斯斯坦也存在着灌溉用水相对紧张的情况。由于自然和人为因素影响,该国部分水体还出现了面积缩小(水位下降)、污染等现象。Kyrgyzstan is one of the countries with the most abundant water resources in Central Asia,and several large regional transboundary rivers rise in it.However,as a result of dominant mountain landscape features of the land,most of fresh water resources in Kyrgyzstan is distributed in forms of alpine glaciers,lakes and deep groundwater,and the proportion of stream water in water resources is low,so it is difficult to develop fresh water resources.Spatially,there is a positive correlation between the distribution of stream water and the altitude.The lakes are mainly located in the alpine zones.The distribution of glaciers is related to the altitude and aspect.In the field of development and utilization of water resources,Kyrgyzstan is rich in hydroenergy,and some large reservoirs have been built along the rivers.In field of water utilization of society and economy,surface water is a major source,and agricultural water consumption is dominant in total water consumption and also the main factor affecting water consumption in recent years.There is also a relative shortage of irrigation water in Kyrgyzstan because of the imperfect water facilities,low water use efficiency,policies of sharing transboundary water resources,reduction of some waters,water pollution,etc.under the combined impact of both natural and artificial factors.

关 键 词：水资源 空间分布 利用状况 吉尔吉斯斯坦 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]