蒸散发观测研究进展及绿洲蒸散研究展望  

Progresses in Evapotranspiration Research and Prospect in Desert Oasis Evapotranspiration Research

作　　者：赵文智[1] 吉喜斌[1] 刘鹄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2011年第3期463-470,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目:人工荒漠绿洲蒸散过程多尺度观测与模拟(40930634)资助

摘　　要：蒸散发是绿洲水文循环中最重要的水文过程和生态过程之一,开展绿洲蒸散发研究是提高水资源利用的基础。从叶面、个体、田间到景观尺度,系统综述了国内外蒸散发观测研究的最新进展,结合荒漠绿洲的特点及研究现状,指出应加强:①涡度相关技术在异质性强的绿洲的应用技术研究;②如何分割蒸散发中植物蒸腾和土壤蒸发,以及时空动态、驱动机制和调控机理;③瞬时蒸散量与累计蒸散量的估算问题;④田块、灌区、绿洲等不同尺度观测模拟与对比验证等研究。Evapotranspiration is one of the most important processes in both the hydrologic and ecological cycles in desert oasis system.Because of the dominant role of water resources in oasis ecosystem,observation and simulation of evapotranspiration（ET） flux are fundamental to the effective management of water resources in such environment.Recent progresses in evapotranspiration research are reviewed in this paper from a multi-scale perspective（e.g.leaf,individual,field and landscape）.It was highlighted that following aspects should be included and focused on in future research：（a） Application of eddy covariance technique in researching oases with intense heterogeneity and uneven surface;（b） Partition of evapotranspiration between plant transpiration and soil evaporation and the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving and regulating mechanisms of evapotranspiration;（c） Estimation of the instantaneous and cumulative evapotranspiration;（d） observation,simulation,comparison and validation at multiple scales,such as the research plots,irrigated area and oasis.

关 键 词：荒漠绿洲 个体蒸腾 群落蒸散发 绿洲蒸散发 多尺度观测模拟 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]