不同季节鹅喉羚昼间活动节律特征  

Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Goitred Gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa)in Different Seasons

作　　者：夏参军[1,2] 徐文轩[1,2] 杨维康[1] 乔建芳[1] 刘伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2011年第3期548-554,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-343);中国意大利国际合作项目(0866031)资助

摘　　要：2007年10月至2008年10月,采用焦点动物取样法,在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区观察了鹅喉羚的昼间活动节律。共观察鹅喉羚有效个体1 917只,采集行为数据319.5 h,将鹅喉羚的行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和其他5种类型。结果表明:采食是各季节鹅喉羚最主要的活动类型,每天有2～3个采食高峰,一般出现在晨昏和正午,不同季节采食高峰持续时间各异;休息高峰期通常出现在采食高峰之后,其全天的活动具有明显的采食—休息—采食的活动节律。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验分析白昼不同时段和季节间行为变化规律。结果表明:春季移动和"其他"行为,秋季雌性警戒和"其他"、雄性警戒行为,冬季雌性"其他"行为,雄性移动、休息和"其他"行为时间在不同时间段无显著差异(p>0.05),其余行为在不同时段间差异显著(p<0.05);不同行为表现出显著的季节间差异(p<0.05)。食物资源量、环境温度和生理周期均影响鹅喉羚的活动节律。The diurnal activity rhythm of Gazella subgutturosa was studied by focal-sampling in the Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve from november 2007 to november 2008.In the study 1917 individuals of G.subgutturosa were observed,and 319.5-hour activity data were collected.The activities of G.subgutturosa were categorized as foraging,moving,vigilance,rest and ＂others＂.The results show that there were two or three foraging peaks of G.subgutturosa everyday,which appeared generally in early morning,late afternoon or midday.Rest peaks appeared usually after foraging peaks,so the activity rhythm of G.subgutturosa was as the serial foraging-resting-foraging.Kruskal-Wallis tests reveal that there was no significant temporal difference in the moving and ＂others＂ in spring,vigilance and ＂others＂ of females;vigilance of males in fall,＂others＂ of females,moving,rest and ＂others＂ of males in winter（p〉0.05）,but there was a significant temporal difference in other activities（p〈0.05）.There was also a significant seasonal difference in the activity rhythm of G.subgutturosa.The activity rhythm of G.subgutturosa was affected by the forage quality and quantity,environment temperature,and physiology cycle.

关 键 词：鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa) 活动节律 气候环境 有蹄类保护区 卡拉麦里山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]