进境美国苹果星裂壳孢果腐病菌的首次截获——病原真菌的鉴定及风险分析  

First interception of fruit rot (Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis) on apples imported from US——identification and risk analysis of the causal fungal agent

作　　者：王卫芳[1] 胡佳[1] 赵立荣[1] 冯黎霞[1] 吴海荣[1] 胡学难[1] 钟国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东出入境检验检疫技术中心,广州510623

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2011年第3期232-239,共8页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD08A16);国家质检总局科技计划项目(2009IK3212010IK261)

摘　　要：广东口岸从美国华盛顿输华苹果(Malus domestica)中截获可疑腐烂病果,症状表现为果梗凹腐或萼凹腐,病部果皮暗褐色至黑色,病健交界处纹带褐色,分生孢子器黑色、颗粒状,直径0.3～0.8 mm,部分埋生或近表生,显微镜检可见无色单胞的分生孢子。分离物生长温度-3～25℃,最适为20℃,经柯赫氏法则验证确认为截获病果的病原菌。Blast分析表明从分离物基因组中扩增到的ITS基因与GenBank中已知的Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis菌株ITS序列同源性达100%。经形态特征、培养性状及ITS系统发育分析,将病原菌鉴定为苹果星裂壳孢果腐病菌(Ph.washingtonensisXiao&J.D.Ro-gers,2005),在分类上隶属于半知菌亚门球壳孢目星裂壳孢属(Phacidiopycnis),此截获鉴定属我国首次。迄今为止我国尚未有该病菌发生为害的报道,本文就此病菌对我国苹果和梨产业的潜在风险进行了评估分析。Suspicious decayed fruits of apple（Malus domestica） imported from Washington State,U.S.A.were intercepted at Guangdong port in China,which displayed symptom of stem-end rot or calyx-end rot,with dark brown to black skin and brown boundary between the diseased and health part.Black granule pycnidia of 0.3-0.8 mm in diameter partially immersed or nearly free on the surface of decayed fruits.Colorless,single cell conidia oozed from pycnidia were observed by microscope examination.The isolate grew at-3-25℃,reach the optimum growth at 20℃ and were verified as the causal fungal agent by Koch′s postulates.Blast analysis revealed ITS amplified from the genome DNA of isolate displayed 100% sequence similarity to known ITS of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis strains in GenBank.On the basis of morphological characteristics,culture patterns,phylogenetic studies on ITS sequence,the causal agent of US rotten apple was identified as Ph.washingtonensis Xiao J.D.Rogers（2005）,which belongs to Deuteromycotina,Sphaeropsidales,Phacidiopycnis.This was the first interception in China,so far there has been no any report yet on the occurrence of the species in China,therefore the potential risk on the industry of apple and pear was evaluated in this paper.

关 键 词：苹果病害 病原真菌鉴定 Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis 苹果星裂壳孢果腐病 

分 类 号：Q945.8[农业科学—植物病理学]