城市扩展影响下的气象观测和气温变化特征分析  

Characteristics of Air Temperature Change Affected by Urban Expansion in China

作　　者：孙朝阳[1,2,3] 邵全琴[1] 刘纪远[1] 匡文慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2011年第3期337-346,共10页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目2006BAC08B00;国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2009CB421105;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目KZCX2-YW-305-3;中国-瑞典国际合作项目2006-24724-44416-13

摘　　要：基于20世纪70年代的MSS(Multi-Spectral Scanner)影像、1990年前后的TM(Thematic Map-per)影像、2000年和2005年前后的ETM(Enhanced Thematic Mapper)影像,对全国700多个地面气象观测站的历史时期下垫面属性进行判别,得到中国自上世纪70年代以来"进城"的气象站点,并通过电话咨询验证,最终确定"进城"且周边探测环境明显改变、气象观测受到城市化影响的站点。在此基础上,对中国各气象站点气温观测值的年际和季节变化进行了分析,通过"进城"站点和全部站点的气温变化趋势的比较,得出"进城"站点的气温变化率高于全国气象站点的平均变化率,从而验证了基于遥感影像的气象站点判别的有效性,并得出"进城"气象站点的气温观测数据在城市环境的影响下比其它站点增长的更多的结论。The underlying surface of more than 700 national meteorological stations in different historical periods is distinguished based on the MSS（Multi-Spectral Scanner）images of the 1970s,TM（Thematic Mapper）images around 1990,and ETM（Enhanced Thematic Mapper）images around 2000 and 2005.The stations with apparent changes in their underlying surface and surrounding building environment are picked out and verified by telephone consultation.Based on the discriminant result,annual and seasonal change characteristics of air temperature are analyzed,and it is concluded that the change rate at air temperature of the stations ＂entering city＂ is higher than that at the other stations.The result validates the discriminant method based on RS（Remote Sensing）images,and conforms that the observed air temperature at the stations ＂entering city＂ increase more than the other stations affected by the urban circumstance.

关 键 词：城市扩展 气象站点“进城” 遥感判别 气温变化特征分析 

分 类 号：P412.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]