神明的正统性与社、庙组织的地域性——拜上帝会毁庙事件的社会史考察  

The Legitimacy of the Gods and the Regionalism of Temples——A Socio-Historical Study of the Society for Worshipping God's Destruction of Temples

作　　者：唐晓涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2011年第3期4-26,160,共23页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"民间信仰与地域社会转型:太平天国历史根源的社会史考察"(08XZS009);中华人民共和国香港特别行政区研究资助局项目"重构西江:明清帝国的建构与土著社会的演变"(CUHK1/06C)的前期研究成果;中国博士后基金资助(20080440797)

摘　　要：对太平天国拜上帝会毁庙事件的性质和渊源,学界多从信仰上帝为独一真神,反对偶像崇拜的角度进行解释。本文依据实地调查及对各类官私文献的重新释读,指出在明清国家正统文化秩序确立的过程中,浔州府地方往往将社、庙神明"正统化"并依赖其来维系既有地方社会秩序,清中后期更以社、庙祭祀为中心形成了村落联盟组织。这样的地方信仰及组织深刻影响了拜上帝会的形成。在与"正统"神明崇祀及村落联盟组织的激烈斗争背景下,拜上帝会一系列的毁庙举动,表面上以打破民间偶像崇拜为旗号,实际上蕴含了对抗当地村落联盟等地方组织的族群政治意义。对此事件进行深入剖析,或可从一个侧面说明,太平天国的发生发展有其更为复杂的地方历史背景。Most scholars explain the origin and nature of the Society for Worshipping God's destruction of temples based on the Society's belief in a single true god and opposition to idolatry.On the basis of field surveys and re-interpretations of various official and private documents,this article points out that in the process of building orthodox cultural orders during the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Xunzhou prefecture authorities frequently 'orthodoxized' temples and relied on them to maintain the local social order,and in the middle and late Qing dynasty village alliance organizations even developed around temple sacrifices.This kind of local religion and organization deeply affected the formation of the Society for Worshipping God.Against the background of severe struggles with the worship of 'orthodox' gods and with village alliance organizations,the Society's tearing down of temples seems on the surface to wave the flag of suppressing idolatry.In fact,it encompasses ethno-political meanings of struggle against local village alliances and other organizations.Deep analysis of these incidents may explain,from another side,that the local historical contexts in which the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom originated and developed were more complicated than we usually suppose.

关 键 词：太平天国 拜上帝会 民间信仰 地方社会 广西 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]