畜禽有机肥氮、磷在红壤中的矿化特征研究  

Study on the nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization of livestock and chichken manure in red soil

作　　者：杨蕊[1,2] 李裕元[2] 魏红安[1,2] 高茹[2] 石辉[1] 吴金水[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第3期600-607,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-437);国家外国专家局项目(20100491005-8)资助

摘　　要：选用腐熟的猪粪、鸡粪和第四纪红土发育的典型红壤为试验材料,通过室内培养试验,研究了土壤中矿质氮(NO3--N和NH4+-N)及O lsen-P的动态变化。结果表明,有机肥中氮和磷的矿化具有不同特征。氮在红壤中的矿化阶段为:前4周缓慢释放,矿化速率为N 0.29～0.46 mg/(kg.d);4～10周快速释放,矿化速率为N 0.60～0.71mg/(kg.d);10～15周缓慢下降,矿化速率为N-0.20～-0.09 mg/(kg.d);而磷的矿化释放则主要发生在第3周。施用畜禽有机肥可以显著增加红壤中矿质氮和O lsen-P的含量,但施肥量对有效氮磷的释放过程无显著影响。连续培养15周,鸡粪矿质氮释放率(15.6%～18.3%)与猪粪的(14.8%～16.9%)接近,而猪粪的有效磷释放率(34.0%～41.6%)显著高于鸡粪的(30.2%～37.8%)。表明有机肥施入土壤后,经过15周仍会有60%～80%未被矿化或矿化后被重新固定的氮、磷残留在土壤中。A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using composted chicken and pig manures and red soil which derived from Quaternary red clay.The dynamic changes in mineral nitrogen（NO-3-N and NH＋4-N） and soil available phosphorus（Olsen-P） were studied under different manure application rates.Results showed that the mineralization of N and P significantly differed.The N mineralization phases were： slow release stage in the initial 4-week with mineralization rates（MR） N 0.29-0.46 mg/（kg·d）;rapid release stage from 4 through 10 weeks with MR N 0.60-0.71 mg/（kg·d） and slight decline stage from 10 through 15 weeks with MR N-0.20——0.09 mg/（kg·d）.The release of available P mainly occurred in the third week.The application of chicken and pig manures could markedly increase soil mineral N and Olsen-P.However,the impacts of application amount on N and P release processes were negligible.Through 15-week incubation,the release ratio of mineral N for chicken manure ranged from 15.6% to 18.3%,which was close to that of pig manure by 14.8% to 16.9%.As respect to the release ratio of Olsen-P,the values of 34.0%-41.6% for pig manure were greater than those of 30.2%-37.8% for chicken manure.This suggested that 60%-80% of the applied manure N and P,which have not been mineralized or re-fixed in soil,were remained in the soil after 15-week application.

关 键 词：畜禽有机肥 氮矿化速率 矿质氮 有效磷 氮磷释放率 红壤 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学] S147.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]