中国农户复合(混)肥施用效果分析  

Effectiveness of compound fertilizer on grain yields in China

作　　者：李亮科[1,2] 张卫峰[1] 王雁峰[1] 陈新平[1] 马骥[2] 高利伟[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院,农户经济研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第3期623-629,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2008BADA4B04-4);公益性行业科研专项(200803030);国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(2009CB118608);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD10B03)资助

摘　　要：近10年来中国肥料快速走向复合化,复合(混)肥是拉动肥料产业发展的主要力量。本研究基于农业部测土配方施肥农户调研数据,对全国6个省的1143户农户水稻、小麦和玉米三大粮食作物的复合(混)肥施用现状及效果进行分析。结果表明,复合(混)肥中提供的氮、磷、钾养分已经占肥料投入总量的32.1%、57.0%和58.2%,其中氮复合化水平超过西欧水平。施用复合(混)肥导致三大粮食作物养分投入数量平均增加12.2%,肥料成本平均增加26.7%,但在不同作物上的增产效果差异较大,其中玉米上施用各种类型复合(混)肥均能显著增产,增产幅度平均达29.9%,有部分复合(混)肥配方在小麦上增产,大部分复合(混)肥在水稻上不增产。复合(混)肥配方制定不科学、施用不科学及假冒伪劣过多是主要原因。China＇s compound fertilizer industry has developed very fast in the past decade,and has been the major catalyst for development of the chemical fertilizer industry.In this study 1143 farmers in 6 provinces were surveyed in 2009,and the contribution of compound fertilizer to crop yields and crop production costs were evaluated.Compound fertilizer dominated the nutrient input in grain fields,with 32.1% of nitrogen（N）,57.0% of phosphorus（P2O5） and 58.2% of potassium（K2O） which is higher than that in Western Europe（especially of N）.Compared to the farmers who only used single fertilizer,amount of nutrient inputs and fertilizer cost were increased by 12.2% and 26.7% respectively in farmers who used compound fertilizer.But the crop yield did not increased accordingly when use compound fertilizer.Maize yield was significantly increased by 29.9% when use various type of compound fertilizer.Wheat yield was significantly increased when use some type of compound fertilizer,but not happened in all case.Nearly all of the compound fertilizer did not increase rice yield.The results showed that the application of compound fertilizer is not soundly based in China.There are three main reasons for this： formulas of compound fertilizer are not designed based on the results of soil tests and field experiments;farmers do not receive effective instructions on how to use the fertilizer correctly and efficiently;and too many fake products exist in the Chinese compound fertilizer market.

关 键 词：复合(混)肥 实际效果 农民实践 中国 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]