沼液追施量对小麦叶绿素荧光动力学参数及产量的影响  

Effect of Topdressing Amount of Biogas Slurry on Fluorescence Parameters and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：冯伟[1] 管涛[1] 王晓宇[1] 王来刚[2] 王晨阳[1] 郭天财[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《华北农学报》2011年第2期157-162,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD02A07);国家自然科学基金项目(30900867)

摘　　要：为明确沼液适宜追施量,实现小麦高产优质栽培,在大田条件下研究了追施不同梯度沼液对小麦荧光特性及产量的影响。结果表明：适宜的沼液追施量（折纯氮60~120 kg/hm2）能有效地提高小麦叶片PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ光化学最大效率（Fv/Fm）和荧光光化学猝灭系数（qP）,而降低荧光非光化学猝灭系数（qN）,且PSⅡ量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）和电子传递速率（ETR）优势明显,光合速率提高,较不追施沼液处理增加幅度达20%以上。沼液追施量不足或过多均不利于叶片荧光参数的改善,导致光合速率下降。追施沼液量折合纯氮60~120 kg/hm2的处理小麦产量构成因素最为协调,籽粒产量显著提高,较不追施沼液处理提高9.4%,而追施沼液过量（折纯氮180 kg/hm2）穗数和千粒重降低,产量显著下降。To provide a theoretical basis on the scientific application of biogas slurry in wheat cultivation of high yield and good quality,the field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of biogas slurry nitrogen levels being dressed on fluorescence parameters and yield in wheat.The results showed that optimum nitrogen rates from biogas slurry being dressed as 60-120 kg/ha can improve the potential activity of PSⅡ leaves（Fv/Fo）,PS Ⅱ maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）,photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）,PS Ⅱ quantum efficiency（ΦPS Ⅱ）,electron transport rate（ETR）,photosynthetic rate（Pn）,and reduce the fluorescence of non-photochemical quenching（qN） with higher Pn of over 20% than the treatment of no biogas slurry nitrogen as topdressing.However,the treatments of insufficient and too much biogas slurry nitrogen as topdressing badly affected the above mentioned fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic rate.The proper biogas slurry nitrogen application of 60-120 kg/ha as topdressing significantly raised ear numbers and grain weight with harmonious yield structures and higher grain yield of 9.4% than the treatment of no biogas slurry nitrogen application as topdressing,and ear numbers,grain weight and yield significantly decreased when too much biogas slurry nitrogen applied.

关 键 词：小麦 沼液 荧光参数 产量 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]