酒精中毒并严重创伤相关性分析及护理  

Nursing and correlation analysis to patients with alcohol intoxication and severe trauma

作　　者：李兴革[1,2] 张建芳[1,2] 杨乐[1,2] 陈丽泓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学医学院第二附属医院 [2]深圳市人民医院龙华分院急诊科,广东深圳518109

出　　处：《海南医学》2011年第10期152-154,共3页Hainan Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨酒精中毒合并严重创伤的特点、中毒与创伤程度的相关性及其护理特点。方法回顾性分析急诊科3年间收治的酒精中毒并发严重创伤病员70例。根据患者饮酒量,按乙醇重量浓度换算,计算出患者纯酒精的饮入量,将酒精中毒患者分为轻、中、重三组:轻度酒精中毒乙醇饮入量50～100g(1组,n=24)、中度酒精中毒乙醇饮入量101～200g(2组,n=34)、重度酒精中毒乙醇饮入量大于200g(3组,n=12)。创伤患者进行创伤记分(TS),对三组患者酒精中毒和创伤严重程度进行相关性分析、诊治结果进行分析比较,并对其护理进行讨论。结果酒精中毒合并创伤主要发生在年轻男性,年龄上各组无差异,全部患者TS≤12分,其创伤严重性与酒精中毒程度呈负的直线相关(r=-0.866281),1组主要表现为兴奋,2组主要表现为共济失调,3组多已处于昏迷期。中度酒精中毒并严重创伤发病率更高(34/70,48.57%),创伤患者75%是由于交通伤(41%,29/70)和殴打伤(35%,24/70)所致,死亡率以重度酒精中毒创伤者最高(9/12,75%)。三组患者死亡率的差异有统计意义,P=0.014<0.05。结论根据TS分值对酒精中毒并创伤患者进行严重性评估,有较高的可靠性。轻、中度酒精中毒患者严重创伤发病率高,伤情诊断较容易。昏迷期患者死亡率高,要注意颅脑损伤的存在,特别要注意迟发性颅内血肿的发生,病情观察及护理尤为重要。治疗时酒精中毒和创伤要同时进行。Objective To explore the characteristics of patient with alcohol intoxication and severe trauma,and the correlation of intoxication and the traumatic degree and it＇s nursing characteristics.Methods 70 patients with alcohol intoxication and severe trauma which admitted in emergency department within 3 years were retrospectively analyzed.Converting the weight of pure alcohol intake according to the weight of drinks and ethanol concentration,and divide the patients into three groups：mild（group 1,n=24）,moderate（group 2,n=34） and heavy（group 3,n=12） alcohol intoxication which intake of ethanol for 50 ～100 g,101 ～ 200 g,more than 200 g,respectively.Using trauma scoring for the trauma patients,and analyzing and comparing for the correlation of patients intoxication and traumatic degree with the diagnosis and treatment results,and the nursing implementation is also discussed.Results Patients with alcohol intoxication and severe trauma occurred predominantly in young men,there was no difference in age groups,all patients TS≤12 points,and trauma seriousness and the degree of alcohol intoxication were in linear negative correlation（r=-0.866 281）.Main symptom of group 1,2 and 3 were excitement,ataxia and coma,respectively.Moderate alcohol intoxication with severe trauma had a higher incident（34/70,48.57%）,75% trauma patients was due to traffic injury（41%,29/70） and beating injuries（35%,24/70）;heavy alcohol intoxication had the highest mortality rate（9/12,75%）,and there are statistical significant difference of mortality rate in this 3 groups（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Evaluating patients with alcohol intoxication and severe trauma patients according to the trauma score is highly reliable.It is easy to diagnose mild and moderate alcohol intoxication because they had a high possibility of getting severe trauma.Because trauma patients have a high mortality rate,attention must be paid on the possibility of craniocerebral injury,especially,the happening of delayed traumatic intracephalic he

关 键 词：酒精中毒 严重创伤 护理 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]