现代采矿理念与充填采矿  

Modern Mining Concepts and Filling Technique

作　　者：乔登攀[1] 程伟华[1] 张磊[1] 姚维信 王贤来 王虎 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源学院,昆明650093 [2]金川集团有限公司,甘肃金川737100

出　　处：《有色金属科学与工程》2011年第2期7-14,共8页Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering

摘　　要：传统采矿模式下,矿产资源开发过程中产生的废石、尾砂和冶炼渣等占我国工业固体废料排放量的85%左右.大量矿山固体废料堆放地表易造成严重污染,诱发泥石流、尾矿溃坝事故.根据现代采矿理念,固体废料充填工艺是解决矿山废尾排放的最有效途径,是绿色采矿的主体支撑技术.充填采矿技术具有消除采动引起的地表下沉和改善采矿应力环境功能,具有低贫损开采、提高资源综合利用率功能和"采富保贫"远景资源保护功能,具有降低废石尾砂等固体废料排放、甚至根本消除采矿末端处理达到无废开采的功能,具有适应各种复杂难采矿床开采的功能.文中还对实现绿色采矿的原则与技术保障以及充填采矿的研究方向进行了探讨.The waste rock,tailings and smelter slag produced in the traditional mining pattern accounted for 85 % in the total amount of industrial solid wastes in China.The piled solid waste can cause serious pollutions or even induce mudflows and tailings dam-break accidents.As the supporting technology of green mining,the solid waste backfill is the most effective way to solve the discharge of mine waste.The solid waste filling is endowed with the following advantages： eliminating surface subsidence caused by mining;improving the mining stress environment;operating in low dilution and loss;increasing the resource utilization rate;mining rich ore and reserving lean ore for the prospective resources protection;reducing the waste rock,tailings and other solid waste emissions;even eliminating the terminal treatment of mining to achieve waste-less-mining;adapting to a variety of difficult-to-mine ore-bodies.This paper further discusses the principles and technical support for implementing green mining and research directions of filling technique.

关 键 词：传统采矿模式 现代采矿理念 绿色采矿 充填采矿 

分 类 号：TD853.34[矿业工程—金属矿开采]