微型五坐标测量机激光测头安装误差的标定  

Installation Error Calibration of Laser Probe for Miniature Five-Coordinate Measuring Machine

作　　者：费致根[1,2] 郭俊杰[1] 马小军[3] 高党忠[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]郑州轻工业学院机电学院,郑州450002 [3]中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2011年第5期64-68,共5页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

摘　　要：针对非接触式五坐标测量机激光测头安装位置误差较大且不易调整的缺点,建立了该五坐标测量机激光测头安装误差的数学模型.选取激光测头的不同姿态,通过测量实物基准的空间位置,给出了误差模型待标定参数的无约束最优化目标函数的外点法惩罚函数.通过计算个体之间的欧氏距离,剔除掉那些相似的个体,从而有效地避免了遗传算法易早熟的问题,完成了对误差模型的求解.实验结果表明,所建立的激光测头安装误差模型不仅适用于扫描测头,而且对触发测头也同样适用,可把该机的空间测量精度从(11.82+L/1 000)μm提高到(1.96+L/1 000)μm.According to the practical measuring requirement,a non-contact five-coordinate measuring machine is exploited and developed.Considering that the installation error of laser probe is large and difficult to be adjusted,the installation error model of this machine is established.The unconstrained optimization objective function of error model is derived by measuring the spatial location of physical standard under several specific postures of laser probe.An improved genetic algorithm is introduced to solve the unknown optimal parameters.The calculation for Euclidean distance is used to evaluate the similarity between each individual.Those individuals between which similarity is greater than a given threshold will be eliminated from the population,to avoid the occurrence of prematurity for genetic algorithm.The experiments illustrate that the established error model is applicable for the scanning probe,as well as the touch-trigger probe,and the spatial measuring precision of this machine is enhanced from 11.82＋L/1 000 μm to1.96＋L/1 000 μm.

关 键 词：五坐标测量机 激光测头标定 误差模型 改进遗传算法 

分 类 号：TH72[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]