昆明高速公路致死性交通伤流行病学特点及救治要点  

Epidemiological characteristics and curative essentials of fatal traffic injuries on expressways around Kunming City

作　　者：郝江[1] 丁亚琴[1] 李祥明[1] 乌胜平[1] 柏力[1] 韩雪玲[1] 樊少军 彭仲武 杨洪波[3] 

机构地区：[1]成都军区昆明总医院急救部,昆明650032 [2]云南省云通司法鉴定中心 [3]云南省昆明市高速公路交巡警支队

出　　处：《西南国防医药》2011年第5期503-506,共4页Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in Southwest China

摘　　要：目的分析昆明市周高速公路致死性伤亡特点,探讨归避及救治要点。方法设计调查表,规范调查内容,对近3年伤亡事故发生时间、环境、伤情伤部等资料进行整理分析。结果昆明市周高速公路的事故发生率近3年变化不大,但现场伤亡率呈增加态势;时间分布上1、8月份死亡率高于平时;18：00~02：00为伤亡高峰时段;尾随相撞是主要车祸形式（33.74%）,大货车及小轿车分别居致死性车型的前2位;雨天、路面湿滑占路况原因首位;下坡及转弯路是致死性事故、重大事故的常见地段;超速、超载占致死性交通事故伤因的41%以上;现场死亡占本组车祸死亡的72%;死亡者中,颅脑伤位居首位,胸腹伤其次。结论该市周边高速公路压力逐年增加,须针对车、人、路和管理等诸多因素,采取积极有效措施是减低车祸伤亡的关键,不断提高院前院内早期抢救水平是进一步降低死亡率的要素。Objective To analyze the characteristics of traffic casualties on expressways around Kunming City,and to discuss its preventive and curative essentials.Methods A questionnaire with standardized statistical content was designed to investigate traffic accidents on expressways around Kunming City in recent three years.The accidental time and site as well as traumatic condition and site were summarized and analyzed.Results The accidental incidence on expressways around Kunming City changed little in recent three years,but casualty rate displayed an increased trend.The mortality in January and August was higher than that in other months,and 18：00-02：00 was the accidental peak hours.Tailing collision was the main accidental form（33.74%）.Large truck and car was the first and second fatal vehicle,respectively.Rain and slippery road surface was the top highway condition that caused traffic accidents.Down slope and turning were the common sites of fatal and major accidents.Overspeed and overloading accounted for over 41% in fatal traffic accidents.Death on the spot accounted for 72% of death toll among which brain injury ranked first followed by thoracic and abdominal injuries.Conclusion Traffic pressure on the expressways of around Kunming City increase year by year.Effective measures for vehicle,person,road and management,etc.are critical to reduce traffic casualties.Continuous improvement of pre-hospital care is essential to further decrease mortality.

关 键 词：交通伤 高速公路 昆明 流行病学 创伤和损伤 

分 类 号：R605.97[医药卫生—急诊医学]