日本福岛核电站事故对人体健康影响及医学防护  

Effect of Fukushima nuclear plant accident on human health and the medical protection

作　　者：蔡建明[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学海军医学系放射医学教研室,上海200433

出　　处：《第二军医大学学报》2011年第4期349-353,共5页Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University

基　　金：军队"十一五"科技攻关项目(06G60)~~

摘　　要：日本福岛核电站事故对人类的危害可能仅次于前苏联的切尔诺贝利核电站事故,此次事故对抢险人员、附近居民和受放射性污染人员带来的健康影响,既有近期辐射损伤,也有远期生物效应,主要是以小剂量照射的远期辐射生物效应为主;飘落到我国的微量放射性尘埃远不足以对人体构成损伤。防护方面主要是利用房屋、衣物、口罩等进行屏蔽,及时清洗去除放射性沾染以及服用防护药物等措施。在审慎、科学地发展核电事业的同时,我国也应提高相应的核电站核事故医学救援和防护研究水平,加强我们的应急响应体系、人才队伍、技术装备、特种防护手段及能力建设,确保一旦核电站发生核事故时,可将损失减少到最低点,有效保障公众和职业人员的身心健康。本文就日本福岛核电站事故可能带来的健康影响及其医学防护,如何正确看待核电事业的发展,以及加强安全防范和科学研究等问题,做一些概要的介绍和讨论。The hazards Fukushima nuclear plant accident causes to human beings might be the second only to Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in the former Soviet Union.The accident has deleterious health effects on Japanese rescue workers,nearby residents and other contaminated subjects,and there are not only short-term irradiation injuries,but also long-term biological effects,with the long-term biological effects caused by low-dose irradiation being the leading one.The radioactive dusts falling to our country is far from enough to cause damage to human health.The main protective measures include shielding with buildings,clothing,and masks,cleaning/removing the radioactive contamination timely,and taking protective drugs.While developing our nuclear power cautiously and scientifically,we should also enhance the corresponding research on medical rescue and protection in case of nuclear accidents.We should also reinforce our emergency response system,training of personnel,technique and equipment,and special protective measures,so as to minimize the damages in case of any nuclear accidents and effectively protect the physical and psychological health of the people.In this paper,we discusse the possible health influence and medical protection of Fukushima nuclear plant accident,the proper attitude towards development of nuclear power,and strengthening of security measures and related scientific research.

关 键 词：福岛核电站 辐射事故 辐射损伤 辐射防护 

分 类 号：R818[医药卫生—放射医学]