南方菟丝子对加拿大一枝黄花的寄生控制效应  

Influences of Parasitism by Cuscuta australis on Solidago canadensis

作　　者：汪学敏[1] 何家庆[1] 王强[1] 蔡静[1] 陈谦[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学生命科学学院安徽省资源植物研究中心,合肥230039

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2011年第4期761-767,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30040027);国家大学生创新实验项目(091035710)

摘　　要：以安全性较高的本土植物南方菟丝子和重要的外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花为材料,于温室中采用盆栽试验在湿润和半湿润条件下用南方菟丝子寄生不同生长阶段(幼苗阶段、过渡阶段和成株阶段)的加拿大一枝黄花植株,考察加拿大一枝黄花植株被寄生后的营养生长、光合生理、逆境生理等指标,探索适宜南方菟丝子寄生加拿大一枝黄花的最佳条件阈值。结果显示:(1)寄生处理与对照之间,加拿大一枝黄花株高、基径、生物量、叶绿素含量、光合速率、可溶性糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸等指标差异均显著;(2)幼苗组、过渡组被寄生加拿大一枝黄花的株高增量、基径增量、生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率均显著低于相应对照组,而其可溶性糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量均显著高于相应对照组;(3)在半湿润条件下,加拿大一枝黄花的株高、基径增量均小于湿润条件下植株,其净光合速率、叶绿素含量在幼苗组和过渡组均小于湿润条件下植株,而可溶性糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量在在幼苗组和过渡组均大于湿润条件下相应指标;(4)幼苗组、过渡组加拿大一枝黄花被寄生后无法正常开花结实,寄生幼苗组加拿大一枝黄花的南方菟丝子亦无法正常开花结实。研究表明,在湿润与半湿润地区,南方菟丝子可以寄生各生长阶段的加拿大一枝黄花,并对株高1.2 m以下的植株产生较强的寄生胁迫;寄生的最佳时间段为每年的4月到8月。We used the higher security native parasitic plant Cuscuta australis and the external invasion plant Solidago canadensis as materials.Under humid or semi-humid condition,made different growth stage plants of the latter parasitized by the former,we investigated index of vegetative growth,photosynthetic physiology and adverse circumstances physiology,groped for the best threshold of effective parasitism.The results indicated（1）plant height,basal stem diameter,biomass,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,soluble sugar,MDA and proline（Pro） were significantly different between parasitized and contrast;（2）Increment of plant height and basal stem diameter biomass,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of sapling and transitional group parasitized plants were significantly lower,while the soluble sugar,MDA,and Pro were significantly higher compared to the control group;（3）Under semi-humid circumstances,increment of plant height and basal stem diameter of S.canadensis were less than that under humid condition,and in the sapling and transitional group,photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were also less,but soluble sugar,MDA,and Pro were more;（4）The parasitized plants of sapling and transitional group could not be normally abloom and seed-produced,and still the C.australis of sapling group.The analytical results reveal that humid and sub-humid areas are suitable to C.australis for parasitizing S.canadensis of different growth phases,the height under 1.2 m showed more harm coursed by parasitism,and the best time for parasitizing is from April to August.

关 键 词：南方菟丝子 加拿大一枝黄花 寄生 营养生长 逆境生理 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]