闪电先导随机模式的建立与应用  

Establishment and Application of Random Lightning Leader Model

作　　者：任晓毓[1] 张义军[1] 吕伟涛[1] 陶善昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2011年第2期194-202,共9页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41075003;40875003);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY(QX)200706022)

摘　　要：根据地闪先导发展特征,建立了一个闪电先导的二维随机模式,并模拟研究了下行先导与避雷针或地面的连接过程。模拟得到下行先导感应电荷的数量级为10^(-4)C/m;下行先导出现明显的分叉,且先导接近地面时分叉逐渐增多;模拟的连接过程形态呈现多样性的特点;建筑物上的避雷针在绝大多数情况下可以有效拦截闪电下行先导,但避雷针正上方的下行先导并不是百分之百击中避雷针,远离避雷针的下行先导仍有很大概率被避雷针拦截;在下行先导与避雷针水平距离一定的条件下,建筑物越宽越矮,避雷针有效拦截闪电先导的概率就越小。Lightning occurred in the atmosphere is a kind of long-distance discharge phenomenon, and it often causes a variety of disasters which become more serious by the extensive use of electronic devices particularly. With deep understanding on physical processes of lightning occurrence and development, lightning leader model is established based on observational facts to study development of lightning leader and its in teraction with structures and provide reference for lightning protection. According to characteristics of CG lightning, a model of random lightning leader is established. The connection process of lightening leader is simulated. The model of lightning leader is developed by simulating ambient potential distribution using an over relaxation method. In the model, the direction of next leader step depends on the probability, and final connection location of downward leader is chosen randomly by the probability formula. The induced charge of downward leader increases with the propagation of downward leader. Simula tion results of a random model show that the induced charge of downward leader is about 10^-4 C/m. With the development of the downward leader, the branch of downward leader increases. There are diversiform forms in connection process. Downward leader can connect with structure or ground which do not produce upward leader besides upward leader. Downward leader can connect with one of the upward leaders on the ground, and even connect with the ground which does not produce upward leader. Downward leader does not always connect with the tip of upward leader, and it can connect with one branch or middle of the upward leader. Lightning rod may do not produce upward leader and the downward leader above doesn＇t always connect with the lightning rod, sometimes it connects with structure and ground. The downward leader far away from lightning rod can also connect with the lightning rod. In most conditions, lightning rod can protect the structure from lightning. With fixed distances from downward leader

关 键 词：先导 连接过程 随机放电模式 

分 类 号：P427.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]